Demographics of the enrolled patients in this metabolomics pilot study
| Characteristics | SIRS | Sepsis | p Value | Sepsis | Severe sepsis | Death | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N=15 | N=35 | N=10 | N=16 | N=9 | |||
| Age (years) | 59±19 | 64±17 | 0.301 | 57±20 | 67±16 | 67±15 | 0.337 |
| Gender (n, %) | |||||||
| Male | 10 (66.7) | 30 (85.7) | 0.123 | 9 (90) | 14 (87.5) | 7 (77.8) | 0.735 |
| Female | 5 (33.3) | 3 (14.3) | 1 (10) | 2 (12.5) | 2 (22.2) | ||
| Temperature (°C) | 37.1±0.7 | 37.9±0.9 | 0.004 | 38.0±1.2 | 37.8±0.8 | 37.8±0.9 | 0.887 |
| WCC counts (×109/L) | 12.26±2.32 | 14.05±7.36 | 0.363 | 10.27±4.59 | 15.94±8.29 | 14.9±7.22 | 0.15 |
| Serum CRP (mg/dL) | 5.32±5.21 | 11.54±5.78 | 0.002 | 11.52±7.0 | 11.87±6.15 | 10.97±3.94 | 0.936 |
| Serum PCT (ng/mL) | 0.27 (0.2–0.54) | 2.28 (0.6–7.12) | 0.012 | 1.28±1.02 | 9.56±14.20 | 6.66±9.49 | 0.301 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 5.02±3.18 | 14.96±11.52 | 0.002 | 8.01±3.21 | 18.19±13.44 | 16.96±11.29 | 0.071 |
| Serum Creatinine (mmol/dL) | 63.5 (39.5–75.3) | 79.5 (55.5–140) | 0.081 | 64.13±15.06 | 168.14±191.06 | 123.92±106.57 | 0.205 |
| APACHE II score | 11±9 | 22±7 | <0.001 | 17±6 | 22±8 | 26±6 | 0.029 |
| SOFA score | – | 9±4 | – | 8±4 | 12±3 | 13±5 | 0.01 |
| Site of infection (n, %) | |||||||
| Pulmonary | – | 29 (82.9) | – | 9 (90) | 11 (68.8) | 9 (100) | 0.058 |
| Abdominal | – | 12 (34.3) | – | 3 (30) | 8 (50) | 1 (11.1) | 0.115 |
| Urinary | – | 11 (31.4) | – | 2 (20) | 7 (43.8) | 2 (22.2) | 0.35 |
| Trauma/postoperative | – | 17 (48.6) | – | 6 (60) | 8 (50) | 3 (33.3) | 0.498 |
| Bacteremia | – | 9 (25.7) | – | 5 (50) | 3 (18.8) | 1 (11.1) | 0.115 |
| Others | – | 3 (8.6) | – | 0 (0) | 3 (18.8) | 0 (0) | 0.081 |
| Infection type (n, %) | |||||||
| Gram-positive bacteria | – | 17 (48.6) | – | 4 (40) | 9 (56.2) | 4 (44.4) | 0.692 |
| Gram-negative bacteria | – | 34 (97.1) | – | 10 (100) | 15 (93.8) | 9 (100) | 0.449 |
| Fungi | – | 22 (62.90) | – | 6 (60) | 10 (62.5) | 6 (66.7) | 0.955 |
| Predisposing factors (n, %) | |||||||
| Hypertension | 3 (20) | 12 (34.3) | 0.312 | 3 (30) | 6 (37.5) | 3 (33.3) | 0.923 |
| COPD | 0 (0) | 6 (17.1) | 0.217 | 3 (30) | 2 (12.5) | 1 (11.1) | 0.468 |
| Coronary heart disease | 0 (0) | 6 (17.1) | 0.217 | 0 (0) | 5 (31.2) | 1 (11.1) | 0.052 |
| Nervous system disease | 1 (6.7) | 8 (22.9) | 0.172 | 2 (20) | 4 (25) | 2 (22.2) | 0.956 |
| CKD | 0 (0) | 7 (20) | 0.155 | 1 (10) | 4 (25) | 2 (22.2) | 0.607 |
Normally distributed quantitative data are presented as means±SDs. Non-normally distributed quantitative data are presented as medians (25th–75th centiles). Qualitative data are presented as n (%).
BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C reactive protein; PCT, Procalcitonin; WCC, white cell count.