Characteristics | Men | Women | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rural | Urban | Rural | Urban | |||||
N | Per cent | N | Per cent | N | Per cent | N | Per cent | |
Overall | 118 837 | 9.2 | 91 220 | 4.8 | 167 727 | 7.7 | 134 711 | 4.8 |
Age group (%) | ||||||||
30–39 | 17 204 | 6.2 | 12 361 | 2.8 | 30 478 | 6.9 | 17 695 | 4.7 |
40–49 | 32 932 | 6.3 | 26 230 | 3.3 | 52 743 | 5.6 | 40 707 | 4.1 |
50–59 | 37 100 | 8.7 | 26 571 | 4.6 | 52 371 | 7.1 | 41 400 | 4.3 |
60–69 | 23 544 | 12.9 | 17 766 | 6.9 | 25 137 | 10.4 | 25 269 | 5.9 |
70–79 | 8057 | 16.8 | 8292 | 9.6 | 6998 | 15.3 | 9640 | 7.8 |
p for trend | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
BMI group (%) | ||||||||
<18.5 | 6821 | 18.0 | 2599 | 10.8 | 8680 | 12.7 | 4259 | 7.7 |
18.5–24 | 85 013 | 9.5 | 50 482 | 5.5 | 107 832 | 7.8 | 78 023 | 5.3 |
≥25 | 27 002 | 5.9 | 38 139 | 3.4 | 51 214 | 6.0 | 52 429 | 3.9 |
p for trend | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
Smoking category (%) | ||||||||
Never | 13 486 | 7.8 | 16 796 | 3.5 | 158 401 | 7.3 | 128 716 | 4.8 |
Occasional | 13 123 | 7.6 | 10 487 | 3.3 | 3389 | 7.8 | 2133 | 4.2 |
Ex-regular | 13 980 | 9.7 | 13 913 | 5.4 | 1561 | 7.8 | 1083 | 6.2 |
Current regular | 78 248 | 9.5 | 50 024 | 5.3 | 4376 | 9.8 | 2779 | 5.8 |
Ever regular | 92 228 | 9.6 | 63 937 | 5.4 | 5937 | 9.7 | 3862 | 5.7 |
p for heterogeneity | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
Pack years* | ||||||||
<10 | 18 211 | 8.4 | 12 322 | 4.2 | 2831 | 10.0 | 1998 | 5.7 |
10–19 | 21 324 | 8.8 | 16 786 | 4.9 | 1574 | 11.0 | 968 | 5.1 |
>20 | 52 693 | 10.4 | 34 829 | 6.0 | 1532 | 13.8 | 896 | 9.0 |
p for trend | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.2402 | 0.1224 | ||||
Age started smoking (years) | ||||||||
<20 | 32 031 | 10.5 | 21 159 | 6.6 | 2083 | 13.6 | 846 | 10.1 |
20–24 | 35 021 | 9.7 | 23 375 | 5.3 | 1268 | 14.0 | 643 | 5.4 |
25–29 | 11 572 | 9.1 | 10 097 | 5.0 | 724 | 8.9 | 477 | 5.2 |
≥30 | 13 604 | 8.3 | 9306 | 4.5 | 1862 | 9.9 | 1896 | 5.2 |
p for trend | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
Number of cigarettes smoked daily (or equivalent) | ||||||||
1–4 | 6605 | 9.3 | 2992 | 4.6 | 1726 | 9.6 | 961 | 5.5 |
5–14 | 25 376 | 9.2 | 19 681 | 5.2 | 2805 | 11.3 | 1982 | 5.2 |
15–24 | 41 631 | 9.8 | 30 558 | 5.5 | 1212 | 12.1 | 801 | 6.8 |
≥25 | 18 616 | 10.1 | 10 706 | 5.8 | 194 | 8.9 | 118 | 5.5 |
p for trend | 0.0019 | 0.0227 | 0.3553 | 0.1128 | ||||
Reason for stopping among ex-smokers | ||||||||
Physical illness | 7442 | 13.2 | 6386 | 8.7 | 1001 | 31.8 | 442 | 6.7 |
Other reason | 6538 | 8.8 | 7527 | 4.4 | 560 | 21.9 | 641 | 4.5 |
p for heterogeneity | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0918 | ||||
Passive smoking† | ||||||||
No | 3546 | 9.4 | 6211 | 4.1 | 19 783 | 9.0 | 21 643 | 4.8 |
Yes | 9940 | 7.4 | 10 585 | 3.3 | 138 618 | 7.1 | 107 073 | 4.7 |
p for heterogeneity | 0.0001 | 0.1538 | <0.0001 | 0.3864 | ||||
Highest education completed | ||||||||
No formal education | 15 043 | 12.0 | 3606 | 8.3 | 53 238 | 9.9 | 23 254 | 5.5 |
Primary school | 52 103 | 10.0 | 17 983 | 5.8 | 67 726 | 7.4 | 27 309 | 4.8 |
Middle/high school | 49 621 | 7.6 | 55 167 | 4.2 | 45 690 | 6.3 | 71 772 | 4.4 |
College/university | 2070 | 7.1 | 14 464 | 4.3 | 1073 | 5.7 | 12 376 | 3.9 |
p for trend | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
Household income (¥) | ||||||||
2500–4999 | 17 022 | 12.9 | 2413 | 8.4 | 25 256 | 10.5 | 5461 | 5.7 |
5000–9999 | 27 939 | 10.9 | 7319 | 6.2 | 43 775 | 8.5 | 15 521 | 5.4 |
10 000–19 999 | 34 326 | 9.2 | 25 184 | 5.4 | 48 506 | 7.2 | 40 887 | 5.2 |
≥20 000 | 39 550 | 6.7 | 56 304 | 4.3 | 50 190 | 6.1 | 72 842 | 4.4 |
p for trend | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
Currently cooks with coal/wood | ||||||||
No | 85 965 | 8.7 | 86 428 | 4.7 | 31 872 | 7.5 | 122 950 | 4.8 |
Yes | 32 872 | 10.1 | 4792 | 6.5 | 135 855 | 7.6 | 11 761 | 5.5 |
p for heterogeneity | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.7517 | ||||
Ever cooked with coal/wood | ||||||||
No | 80 005 | 8.6 | 60 591 | 4.6 | 12 381 | 7.8 | 52 523 | 4.6 |
Yes | 38 832 | 10.0 | 30 629 | 5.2 | 155 346 | 7.6 | 82 188 | 5.0 |
p for heterogeneity | <0.0001 | 0.0014 | <0.0001 | 0.0160 |
*Restricted to ever regular smokers.
†Among never smokers, exposed to others’ tobacco smoke regularly at home or work.
BMI, body mass index.