Baseline characteristics of the study population
| CPFE (n=17) | COPD (n=49) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 76.5±7.1 | 73.4±9.0 | 0.209 |
| Males, n (%) | 15 (88.2) | 36 (73.5) | 0.318 |
| Smoking index | 989.7±574.1 | 1304.2±745.4 | 0.119 |
| Former smokers, n (%) | 16 (94.1) | 41 (83.7) | 0.428 |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 1 (5.9) | 8 (16.3) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 21.0±2.9 | 20.0±4.0 | 0.324 |
| MRC grade (1/2/3/4/5) | 0/0/8/8/1 | 0/2/25/18/4 | 0.613 |
| Home oxygen therapy, n (%) | 10 (58.8) | 26 (53.1) | 0.898 |
| Emphysema score | 9.1±3.2 | 13.1±5.0 | <0.005 |
| Pulmonary function | |||
| FVC, litres | 2.1±0.5 | 1.8±0.7 | 0.136 |
| FVC, %predicted | 67.2±15.9 | 59.3±18.7 | 0.124 |
| FEV1, litres | 1.7±0.4 | 0.8±0.5 | <0.0001 |
| FEV1, %predicted | 70.6±14.2 | 33.8±16.6 | <0.0001 |
| FEV1/FVC, % | 82.8±10.1 | 44.4±13.9 | <0.0001 |
| PASP, mm Hg | 54.2±26.1 | 42.7±10.2 (n=45) | 0.016 |
| 6 min walk test | n=15 | n=44 | |
| Distance, m | 270.5±59.4 | 216.0±99.1 | 0.054 |
| SpO2 nadir, % | 85.1±8.6 | 87.8±6.5 | 0.221 |
| Borg scale | 3.9±1.5 | 5.2±2.1 | 0.035 |
| Short Form-36 | n=16 | n=45 | |
| Physical function | 38.3±23.7 | 31.9±19.6 | 0.299 |
| Role-physical | 36.8±27.9 | 31.1±25.2 | 0.451 |
| Body pain | 60.1±29.0 | 51.4±26.9 | 0.280 |
| General health | 40.4±18.1 | 32.6±18.3 | 0.143 |
| Vitality | 42.2±24.8 | 29.3±19.8 | 0.041 |
| Social functioning | 57.8±33.8 | 56.1±30.3 | 0.852 |
| Role-emotional | 37.0±27.0 | 31.7±28.7 | 0.521 |
| Mental health | 56.3±19.4 | 43.6±22.8 | 0.053 |
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPFE, combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; MRC, Medical Research Council; PASP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure.