Table 2

Associations between lifestyle factors and experience of respiratory alarm symptoms for men

	At least one respiratory alarm symptom				Prolonged coughing				Shortness of breath				Coughing up blood				Prolonged hoarseness
	OR	Adjusted OR*	95% CI	P_trend†	OR	Adjusted OR*	95% CI	P_trend†	OR	Adjusted OR*	95% CI	P_trend†	OR	Adjusted OR*	95% CI	P_trend†	OR	Adjusted OR*	95% CI	P_trend†
Age (years)				<0.001				<0.001				<0.001				0.222				<0.001
20–39	1	1			1	1			1	1			1	1			1	1
40–59	1.03	0.97	0.88 to 1.08		0.97	0.97	0.85 to 1.11		1.07	0.95	0.83 to 1.09		0.64	0.44	0.19 to 0.99		1.00	0.98	0.78 to 1.23
60–79	1.54	1.40	1.27 to 1.55		1.46	1.49	1.30 to 1.70		1.37	1.13	0.99 to 1.30		0.60	0.56	0.25 to 1.28		2.16	1.97	1.59 to 2.44
>80	2.33	2.32	1.89 to 2.84		2.47	3.02	2.36 to 3.85		2.04	2.21	1.95 to 2.51		0.59	0.64	0.08 to 5.06		3.64	3.36	2.38 to 4.73
Smoking status
Never	1	1			1	1			1	1			1	1			1	1
Former	1.68	1.42	1.30 to 1.56		1.36	1.11	0.98 to 1.26		1.91	1.71	1.51 to 1.94		1.21	1.35	0.58 to 3.13		2.01	1.62	1.36 to 1.94
Current	2.70	2.58	2.35 to 2.83		3.28	3.09	2.75 to 3.47		2.25	2.13	1.85 to 2.45		2.12	2.19	1.00 to 4.78		1.65	1.54	1.27 to 1.88
Alcohol intake (units/week)				<0.001‡				<0.001‡				0.269‡				0.955‡				0.823
0	1	1			1	1			1	1			1	1			1	1
1–7	0.49	0.58	0.50 to 0.67		0.54	0.65	0.54 to 0.79		0.45	0.53	0.44 to 0.64		0.55	0.70	0.21 to 2.35		0.62	0.66	0.50 to 0.87
8–21	0.61	0.62	0.54 to 0.73		0.69	0.75	0.62 to 0.91		0.51	0.52	0.43 to 0.63		0.56	0.62	0.17 to 2.26		0.64	0.59	0.44 to 0.80
≥22	0.88	0.79	0.66 to 0.96		1.05	0.98	0.78 to 1.24		0.68	0.62	0.49 to 0.79		0.78	0.82	0.16 to 4.08		0.83	0.72	0.50 to 1.04
Body mass index
Underweight (<18.5)	2.27	2.01	1.31 to 3.07		2.37	2.01	1.22 to 3.32		1.52	1.30	0.69 to 2.46		–	–	–		2.95	2.80	1.47 to 5.33
Normal (18.5–24.9)	1	1			1	1			1	1			1	1			1	1
Overweight (25–29.9)	1.11	1.11	1.03 to 1.21		1.01	1.05	0.94 to 1.16		1.26	1.25	1.11 to 1.40		0.91	1.01	0.48 to 2.11		0.98	0.91	0.77 to 1.07
Obese (≥30)	1.57	1.60	1.44 to 1.77		1.29	1.38	1.21 to 1.59		2.16	2.13	1.86 to 2.43		1.67	1.88	0.81 to 4.36		1.13	1.04	0.84 to 1.29

Bold indicates statistical significance at 5% level.
*Adjusted for: age, smoking status, alcohol intake and body mass index.
†Statistically significant P_{test for trend}<0.05.
‡Only tested for those who drink more than 0 units/week.