Total study sample | At least one respiratory alarm symptom | Prolonged coughing | Shortness of breath | Coughing up blood | Prolonged hoarseness | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | n | Per cent | 95% CI | p Value* | N | Per cent | 95% CI | p Value* | n | Per cent | 95% CI | p Value* | n | Per cent | 95% CI | p Value† | N | Per cent | 95% CI | p Value* | |
Total | 49 706 | 7 870 | 16.0 | 15.7 to 16.3 | 4 180 | 8.5 | 8.2 to 8.7 | 3 960 | 8.0 | 7.8 to 8.3 | 62 | 0.1 | 0.1 to 0.2 | 1694 | 3.4 | 3.3 to 3.6 | |||||
Gender | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.043 | 0.001 | 0.296 | ||||||||||||||||
Men | 23 240 | 3 978 | 16.9 | 16.4 to 17.4 | 2 095 | 9.1 | 8.7 to 9.5 | 1 912 | 8.3 | 8.0 to 8.7 | 42 | 0.2 | 0.1 to 0.2 | 813 | 3.5 | 3.3 to 3.8 | |||||
Women | 26 466 | 3 892 | 15.2 | 14.7 to 15.6 | 2 085 | 8.0 | 7.6 to 8.3 | 2 048 | 7.8 | 7.5 to 8.1 | 20 | 0.1 | 0.05 to 0.1 | 881 | 3.4 | 3.1 to 2.6 | |||||
Age (years) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.842 | <0.001 | ||||||||||||||||
20–39 | 12 251 | 1 643 | 13.5 | 12.9 to 14.2 | 813 | 6.7 | 6.3 to 7.2 | 880 | 7.3 | 6.8 to 7.7 | 18 | 0.2 | 0.1 to 0.2 | 303 | 2.5 | 2.2 to 2.8 | |||||
40–59 | 20 305 | 2 794 | 13.9 | 13.4 to 14.3 | 1 452 | 7.2 | 6.8 to 7.6 | 1 423 | 7.1 | 6.7 to 7.4 | 23 | 0.1 | 0.1 to 0.2 | 519 | 2.6 | 2.4 to 2.8 | |||||
60–79 | 15 748 | 3 044 | 19.5 | 18.9 to 20.2 | 1 696 | 10.9 | 10.4 to 11.4 | 1 457 | 9.4 | 8.9 to 9.8 | 23 | 0.1 | 0.1 to 0.2 | 750 | 4.8 | 4.5 to 5.2 | |||||
>80 | 1402 | 389 | 28.8 | 26.4 to 31.3 | 219 | 16.2 | 14.3 to 18.3 | 200 | 14.8 | 12.9 to 16.8 | 1 | 0.1 | 0.001 to 0.4 | 122 | 9.0 | 7.5 to 10.7 | |||||
Smoking status‡ | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.092 | <0.001 | ||||||||||||||||
Never | 21 895 | 2 480 | 11.3 | 10.9 to 11.8 | 1 262 | 5.8 | 5.5 to 6.1 | 1 224 | 5.6 | 5.3 to 5.9 | 19 | 0.1 | 0.1 to 0.1 | 567 | 2.6 | 2.4 to 2.8 | |||||
Former | 15 529 | 2488 | 16.0 | 15.4 to 16.6 | 1 097 | 7.1 | 6.7 to 7.5 | 1 387 | 8.9 | 8.5 to 9.4 | 20 | 0.1 | 0.1 to 0.2 | 617 | 4.0 | 3.7 to 4.3 | |||||
Current | 10 300 | 2 519 | 24.5 | 23.6 to 25.3 | 1 635 | 15.9 | 15.2 to 16.6 | 1 131 | 11.0 | 10.4 to 11.6 | 18 | 0.2 | 0.1 to 0.3 | 430 | 4.2 | 3.8 to 4.6 | |||||
Alcohol intake (units/week)‡ | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.404 | <0.001 | ||||||||||||||||
0 | 3668 | 813 | 22.2 | 20.8 to 23.5 | 409 | 11.2 | 10.1 to 12.2 | 489 | 13.3 | 12.2 to 14.5 | 7 | 0.2 | 0.1 to 0.4 | 167 | 4.6 | 3.9 to 5.3 | |||||
1–7 | 31 607 | 4 436 | 14.0 | 13.7 to 14.4 | 2 290 | 7.3 | 7.0 to 7.5 | 2 258 | 7.1 | 6.9 to 7.4 | 34 | 0.1 | 0.1 to 0.2 | 993 | 3.1 | 3.0 to 3.3 | |||||
8–21 | 10 708 | 1 828 | 17.1 | 16.4 to 17.8 | 1 043 | 9.7 | 9.2 to 10.3 | 820 | 7.7 | 7.2 to 8.2 | 13 | 0.1 | 0.1 to 0.2 | 375 | 3.5 | 3.2 to 3.9 | |||||
≥22 | 1729 | 409 | 23.7 | 21.7 to 25.7 | 251 | 14.5 | 12.9 to 16.3 | 174 | 10.1 | 8.7 to 11.6 | 3 | 0.2 | 0.04 to 0.5 | 79 | 4.6 | 3.6 to 5.7 | |||||
Body mass index‡ | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.481 | <0.001 | ||||||||||||||||
Underweight (<18.5) | 756 | 154 | 20.4 | 17.6 to 23.4 | 88 | 11.6 | 9.4 to 14.1 | 79 | 10.5 | 8.4 to 12.9 | 1 | 0.1 | 0.003 to 0.7 | 43 | 5.7 | 4.1 to 7.6 | |||||
Normal (18.5–24.9) | 23 168 | 3214 | 13.9 | 13.4 to 14.3 | 1 731 | 7.5 | 7.0 to 7.8 | 1 494 | 6.5 | 6.1 to 2.8 | 25 | 0.1 | 0.07 to 0.2 | 734 | 3.2 | 2.9 to 3.4 | |||||
Overweight (25–29.9) | 16 668 | 2644 | 15.9 | 15.3 to 16.4 | 1 409 | 8.5 | 8.0 to 8.9 | 1 297 | 7.8 | 7.4 to 8.2 | 19 | 0.1 | 0.07 to 0.2 | 556 | 3.3 | 3.1 to 3.6 | |||||
Obese (≥30) | 6990 | 1435 | 20.5 | 19.6 to 21.5 | 737 | 10.5 | 9.8 to 11.3 | 855 | 12.2 | 11.5 to 13.0 | 12 | 0.2 | 0.01 to 0.3 | 273 | 3.9 | 3.5 to 4.4 |
*Tested for difference between groups with χ2 test, statistical significance p<0.05.
†Tested for difference between groups with Fisher’s exact test, statistical significance p<0.05.
‡Total numbers for each group may not add to full sample due to missing data.