At least one respiratory alarm symptom | Prolonged coughing | Shortness of breath | Coughing up blood | Prolonged hoarseness | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | Adjusted OR* | 95% CI | Ptrend† | OR | Adjusted OR* | 95% CI | Ptrend† | OR | Adjusted OR* | 95% CI | Ptrend† | OR | Adjusted OR* | 95% CI | Ptrend† | OR | Adjusted OR* | 95% CI | Ptrend† | |
Age (years) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.529 | <0.001 | |||||||||||||||
20–39 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
40–59 | 1.02 | 0.93 | 0.85 to 1.03 | 1.20 | 1.12 | 0.98 to 1.28 | 0.89 | 0.81 | 0.72 to 0.91 | 1.20 | 1.06 | 0.30 to 3.70 | 1.05 | 1.01 | 0.83 to 1.23 | |||||
60–79 | 1.55 | 1.52 | 1.38 to 1.36 | 1.96 | 2.00 | 1.75 to 2.28 | 1.27 | 1.24 | 1.09 to 1.41 | 1.71 | 1.77 | 0.51 to 6.08 | 1.80 | 1.77 | 1.46 to 2.16 | |||||
>80 | 2.82 | 2.56 | 2.25 to 2.67 | 2.91 | 3.25 | 2.52 to 4.18 | 2.39 | 2.30 | 1.81 to 2.94 | – | – | – | 4.10 | 4.19 | 3.06 to 5.74 | |||||
Smoking status | ||||||||||||||||||||
Never | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
Former | 1.32 | 1.25 | 1.15 to 1.36 | 1.13 | 1.02 | 0.90 to 1.15 | 1.45 | 1.44 | 1.29 to 1.61 | 1.84 | 1.90 | 0.68 to 5.32 | 1.20 | 1.11 | 0.94 to 1.31 | |||||
Current | 2.39 | 2.45 | 2.25 to 2.68 | 2.89 | 3.25 | 2.52 to 4.18 | 1.96 | 2.07 | 1.84 to 2.33 | 1.40 | 1.39 | 0.40 to 4.81 | 1.66 | 1.70 | 1.43 to 2.02 | |||||
Alcohol intake (units/week) | <0.001‡ | <0.001‡ | 0.468‡ | 0.032 | ||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
1–7 | 0.55 | 0.61 | 0.55 to 0.68 | 0.62 | 0.68 | 0.59 to 0.78 | 0.44 | 0.52 | 0.46 to 0.60 | 0.49 | 0.38 | 0.12 to 1.21 | 0.65 | 0.71 | 0.57 to 0.88 | |||||
8–21 | 0.79 | 0.74 | 0.65 to 0.84 | 0.99 | 0.92 | 0.77 to 1.09 | 0.54 | 0.53 | 0.45 to 0.63 | 0.48 | 0.44 | 0.08 to 1.81 | 0.86 | 0.81 | 0.62 to 1.05 | |||||
≥22 | 1.45 | 1.26 | 0.94 to 1.68 | 2.02 | 1.67 | 1.19 to 2.35 | 0.71 | 0.65 | 0.42 to 0.99 | – | – | – | 1.40 | 1.25 | 0.72 to 2.15 | |||||
Body mass index | ||||||||||||||||||||
Underweight (<18.5) | 1.54 | 1.33 | 1.07 to 1.64 | 1.61 | 1.34 | 1.02 to 1.76 | 1.73 | 1.49 | 1.14 to 1.93 | 2.17 | 2.07 | 0.26 to 16.43 | 1.71 | 1.48 | 1.02 to 2.15 | |||||
Normal (18.5–24.9) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
Overweight (25–29.9) | 1.18 | 1.17 | 1.07 to 1.64 | 1.24 | 1.23 | 1.10 to 1.37 | 1.17 | 1.15 | 1.03 to 1.29 | 0.98 | 0.90 | 0.30 to 2.65 | 1.11 | 1.07 | 0.91 to 1.26 | |||||
Obese (≥30) | 1.60 | 1.66 | 1.51 to 1.84 | 1.60 | 1.71 | 1.50 to 1.95 | 1.90 | 1.90 | 1.67 to 2.15 | 1.14 | 1.00 | 0.27 to 3.71 | 1.33 | 1.35 | 1.11 to 1.64 |
Bold indicates statistical significance at 5% level.
*Adjusted for: age, smoking status, alcohol intake and body mass index.
†Test for trend: Statistically significant Ptest for trend<0.05.
‡Only tested for those who drink more than 0 units/week.