No respiratory symptoms | Chronic cough and breathlessness | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤Grade 2 breathlessness | ≥Grade 3 breathlessness | |||||
N, mean or median | (%,SD or IQR) | N, mean or median | (%, SD or IQR) | N, mean or median | (%, SD or IQR) | |
Age (years) | ||||||
25–29 | 10 | (1.3) | 3 | (1.9) | 0 | (0.0) |
30–34 | 58 | (7.5) | 12 | (7.7) | 2 | (4.1) |
35–39 | 63 | (8.1) | 20 | (12.9) | 4 | (8.2) |
40–44 | 96 | (12.3) | 14 | (9.0) | 3 | (6.1) |
45–49 | 160 | (20.5) | 29 | (18.7) | 3 | (6.1) |
50–54 | 187 | (24.0) | 34 | (21.9) | 12 | (24.5) |
55–60 | 205 | (26.3) | 43 | (27.7) | 25 | (51.0) |
χ2 (df) | 23.13 (12) p=0.03 | |||||
Education | ||||||
Incomplete secondary | 31 | (4.0) | 9 | (5.8) | 3 | (6.1) |
Secondary | 556 | (71.4) | 123 | (79.4) | 43 | (87.8) |
Higher or incomplete higher | 192 | (24.7) | 23 | (14.8) | 3 | (6.1) |
χ2 (df) | 15.5 (4) p=0.004 | |||||
Smoking status (missing=1) | ||||||
Never smoked | 182 | (23.4) | 7 | (4.5) | 2 | (4.1) |
Ex-smoker | 167 | (21.5) | 10 | (6.5) | 7 | (14.3) |
Current smoker (1–10/day) | 81 | (10.4) | 25 | (16.1) | 7 | (14.3) |
Current smoker (11–20/day) | 274 | (35.2) | 82 | (52.9) | 25 | (51.0) |
Current smoker (>20/day) | 74 | (9.5) | 31 | (20.0) | 8 | (16.3) |
χ2 (df) | 75.9 (8) p<0.001 | |||||
Total volume of ethanol (litres per year) (missing=13) | ||||||
Median (IQR) | 4.0 | (1.2–10.1) | 5.9 | (1.7–12.5) | 3.1 | (1.2–17.3) |
Kruskal-Wallis | p=0.13 | |||||
Hazardous drinker (missing=12) | ||||||
Non-drinker | 104 | (13.5) | 18 | (11.7) | 6 | (12.2) |
Drinker (non-hazardous) | 602 | (78.4) | 117 | (76.0) | 34 | (69.4) |
Drinker (hazardous) | 62 | (8.1) | 19 | (12.3) | 9 | (18.4) |
χ2 (df) | 8.03 (4) p=0.09 | |||||
Body mass index (missing=4) | ||||||
Mean (SD) | 26.2 | (4.2) | 26.4 | (4.7) | 27.8 | (5.2) |
Test for trend | p=0.04 | |||||
Total cholesterol mmol/L (missing=66) | ||||||
Mean (SD) | 5.44 | (1.02) | 5.27 | (0.96) | 5.22 | (1.01) |
Test for trend | p=0.03 | |||||
HDL-C mmol/L (missing=66) | ||||||
Mean (SD) | 1.44 | (0.44) | 1.40 | (0.48) | 1.36 | (0.40) |
Test for trend | p=0.14 | |||||
Log triglycerides (missing=82) | ||||||
Mean (SD) | 0.29 | (0.51) | 0.26 | (0.50) | 0.30 | (0.52) |
Test for trend | p=0.73 | |||||
Log BNP pg/mL (missing=74) | ||||||
Mean (SD) | 2.42 | (0.87) | 2.59 | (1.03) | 2.99 | (0.96) |
Test for trend | p<0.001 | |||||
SF-12 (missing=15) | ||||||
Mean Physical health score (SD) | 48.8 | (7.7) | 45.2 | (7.7) | 36.1 | (9.3) |
Test for trend | p<0.001 | |||||
Mean Mental health score (SD) | 49.2 | (8.6) | 47.9 | (8.8) | 43.6 | (10.3) |
Test for trend | p<0.001 | |||||
Hypertension (missing=2) | ||||||
Yes | 477 | (61.4) | 97 | (62.6) | 41 | (83.7) |
χ2 (df) | 9.79(2) p=0.007 | |||||
Diabetes (Missing=7) | ||||||
Yes | 9 | (1.2) | 3 | (2.0) | 4 | (8.3) |
χ2 (df) | 14.54 (2) p=0.001 | |||||
Angina (missing=9) | ||||||
Yes | 43 | (5.6) | 24 | (15.6) | 14 | (29.2) |
χ2 (df) | 45.7 (2) p<0.001 | |||||
Myocardial infarction (missing=2) | ||||||
Yes | 11 | (1.4) | 2 | (1.3) | 5 | (10.2) |
χ2 (df) | 20.1 (2) p<0.001 | |||||
Stroke (missing=3) | ||||||
Yes | 8 | (1.0) | 1 | (0.70) | 4 | (8.2) |
χ2 (df) | 18.6 (2) p<0.001 | |||||
Total | 779 | (100) | 155 | (100) | 49 | (100) |
BNP, B-type natriuretic peptide; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SF-12, 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey.