Association between self-reported chronic cough and breathlessness symptoms and other comorbidities
| No respiratory symptoms | Chronic cough and breathlessness | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-reported comorbidity | Odds ratio (95% CI) | ≤Grade 2 breathlessness | ≥Grade 3 breathlessness | Test for trend | |
| Hypertension (n=980) | Model 1 | 1 (ref) | 1.12 (0.77 to 1.62) | 2.84 (1.29 to 6.26) | p=0.04 |
| Model 2 | 1 (ref) | 1.19 (0.81 to 1.74) | 3.03 (1.36 to 6.74) | p=0.02 | |
| Diabetes (n=975) | Model 1 | 1 (ref) | 1.86 (0.49 to 7.03) | 7.27 (2.05 to 25.85) | p=0.008 |
| Model 2 | 1 (ref) | 2.91 (0.68 to 12.37) | 10.55 (2.69 to 41.37) | p=0.002 | |
| Angina (n=973) | Model 1 | 1 (ref) | 3.29 (1.91 to 5.65) | 6.74 (3.31 to 13.75) | p<0.001 |
| Model 2 | 1 (ref) | 3.73 (2.09 to 6.66) | 7.54 (3.61 to 15.73) | p<0.001 | |
| Myocardial infarction (n=980)* | Model 1 | 1 (ref) | 0.91 (0.20 to 4.20) | 5.18 (1.65 to 16.22) | p=0.04 |
| Model 2 | 1 (ref) | 1.40 (0.27 to 7.17) | 7.61 (2.10 to 27.49) | p=0.008 | |
| Stroke (n=979)* | Model 1 | 1 (ref) | 0.71 (0.09 to 5.77) | 7.76 (2.09 to 28.88) | p=0.03 |
| Model 2 | 1 (ref) | 0.60 (0.07 to 5.01) | 6.61 (1.73 to 25.34) | p=0.06 | |
Model 1: adjusted for age and education.
Model 2: model 1 + smoking status.
*For myocardial infarction and stroke, the smoking variable was recoded so that the category >20 cigarettes/day merged with 11–20 cigarettes per day; otherwise 113 observations dropped due to perfect prediction.