Characteristics of short, normal and long sleepers
| Short sleepers (<6 hours per night) n=387 | Normal sleepers (6–9 hours per night) n=4475 | Short compared with normal sleepers p Value | Long sleepers (≥9 hours per night) n=217 | Long compared with normal sleepers p Value | |
| Male (%) | 48.3 | 48.2 | 0.957 | 37.8 | 0.003 |
| Age (years) | 55.1±6.4 | 54.1±7.1 | 0.009 | 55.8±7.1 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.3±5.7 | 26.9±4.7 | <0.001 | 27.4±5.4 | 0.04 |
| ESS total | 7.8±4.7 | 6.7±3.9 | <0.001 | 6.4±4.7 | 0.25 |
| BMI >30 (%) | 37.2 | 27.1 | <0.001 | 33.2 | 0.048 |
| Married (%) | 66.2 | 76.0 | <0.001 | 65.7 | 0.013 |
| Current smokers (%) | 42.3 | 32.3 | 0.002 | 34.8 | 0.536 |
| Exercise ≥2 × per week (%) | 37.6 | 46.1 | 0.001 | 39.4 | 0.06 |
| Reported lifetime morbidity | |||||
| CVD (%) | 5.0 | 3.9 | 0.31 | 6.1 | 0.12 |
| Diabetes (%) | 8.4 | 3.5 | <0.001 | 6.1 | 0.05 |
| Hypertension (%) | 32.6 | 21.8 | <0.001 | 23.8 | 0.48 |
| Depression (%) | 21.7 | 15.3 | 0.001 | 32.9 | <0.001 |
Significance is marked as bold.
BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale.