Table 6

Suggested antibiotic regimens for adults with Mycobacterium xenopi-pulmonary disease

M. xenopi-pulmonary diseaseAntibiotic regimen
Non-severe M. xenopi-pulmonary disease
(ie, AFB smear negative respiratory tract samples, no radiological evidence of lung cavitation or severe infection, mild-to-moderate symptoms, no signs of systemic illness)		Rifampicin 600 mg daily
and
Ethambutol 15 mg/kg daily
and
Azithromycin 250 mg daily or Clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily
and
Moxifloxacin 400 mg daily or Isoniazid 300 mg (+pyridoxine 10 mg) daily.
Antibiotic treatment should continue for a minimum of 12 months after culture conversion.
Severe M. xenopi-pulmonary disease
(ie, AFB smear positive respiratory tract samples, radiological evidence of lung cavitation/severe infection or severe symptoms/signs of systemic illness)		Rifampicin 600 mg daily
and
Ethambutol 15 mg/kg daily
and
Azithromycin 250 mg daily or Clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily
and
Moxifloxacin 400 mg daily or Isoniazid 300 mg (+pyridoxine 10 mg) daily
and
Consider intravenous amikacin for up to 3 months or nebulised amikacin.
Antibiotic treatment should continue for a minimum of 12 months after culture conversion.

  • AFB, acid-fast bacilli.