Subject group characteristics
| Sagittal–coronal profile | Control | Hypokyphosis with scoliosis (HypoS) | Normal kyphosis with scoliosis (NormS) | Hyperkyphosis with scoliosis (HyperS) | Kruskal-Wallis test (P value) |
| Sample size, n | 15 | 11 | 18 | 5 | – |
| Age, year | 16.3±5.1 | 20.2±7.8 | 17.1±10.4 | 13.2±5.3 | 0.119 |
| Sex, n (female, %) | 12 (80) | 8 (72) | 12 (66) | 3 (60) | 0.806 |
| XR scoliosis Cobb | – | 75.6±16.8 | 65.2±21.6 | 77.4±17.1 | 0.273 |
| XR kyphosis Cobb T5–T12 | – | 3.3±13.3 | 30.3±12.5 | 60.8±6.5 | <0.0001§¶** |
| CT scoliosis Cobb | 4.1±2.1 | 64.1±15.9 | 59.3±19.4 | 77.2±17.4 | <0.0001*†‡ |
| CT kyphosis Cobb T5–T12 | 21.1±7.1 | −4.6±12.1 | 19.8±6.5 | 51.0±9.2 | <0.0001*‡§¶** |
| CT kyphosis Cobb T2–T12 | 32.1±7.5 | 3.4±15.6 | 28.1±10.3 | 52.7±8.9 | <0.0005*‡§¶** |
| T-level count | – | 6.4±0.9 | 6.5±1.8 | 5.8±1.3 | 0.590 |
| Apical vertebra | – | 9.0±1.1 | 8.3±1.1 | 8.0±1.4 | 0.311 |
Values are mean±SD.
Dunn’s post-hoc test: *P<0.05 for control vs HypoS, †P<0.05 for control vs NormS, ‡P<0.05 for control vs HyperS, §P<0.05 for HypoS vs NormS, ¶P<0.05 for HypoS vs HyperS, **P<0.05 for NormS vs HyperS.
XR, whole-spine standing radiographs.