Mechanisms of allergy and clinical immunologyHuman rhinovirus infection enhances airway epithelial cell production of growth factors involved in airway remodeling
Section snippets
Materials
The following were purchased: Ham's F-12 medium, Eagle's minimal essential medium, Hanks' buffered salt solution, penicillin-streptomycin-amphotericin B, L-glutamine, TRIzol, nonessential amino acids, gentamicin, FBS, deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, oligo(dT), and Superscript III from Invitrogen Life Technologies (Burlington, Ontario, Canada); bronchial epithelial cell growth medium from BioWhittaker (Walkersville, Md); SB-203580, PD-98059, and SP-600125 from Calbiochem-Novabiochem (San
HRV-16 infection of human airway epithelial cells upregulates production of amphiregulin, activin A, and VEGF
HRV-16 infection of both BEAS-2B and HBE cells resulted in significant upregulation of amphiregulin and activin A production (Fig 1, A and B). In addition, HRV-16 infection resulted in significant upregulation of the proangiogenic factor VEGF in both BEAS-2B and HBE cells (Fig 1, C). Despite significant basal expression of amphiregulin and VEGF in BEAS-2B and HBE cells, HRV-16 infection led to significant increases above these levels in both cell types. There was no basal production of activin
Discussion
Repeated HRV-induced respiratory illnesses during infancy and early childhood are strongly associated with an increased risk of subsequent asthma.8 Our current data support the hypothesis that early childhood HRV infections also might play a role in the development of the airway remodeling that manifests even before the confirmed diagnosis of asthma.3, 4 HRV-16 infection of either the BEAS-2B epithelial cells or primary HBE cells leads to marked upregulation of the profibrotic mediators
References (33)
- et al.
The functional consequences of structural changes in the airways: implications for airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma
Chest
(2003) - et al.
Rhinovirus illnesses during infancy predict subsequent childhood wheezing
J Allergy Clin Immunol
(2005) - et al.
Amphiregulin expression in human mast cells and its effect on the primary human lung fibroblasts
J Allergy Clin Immunol
(2005) - et al.
Rhinovirus infection induces expression of type 2 nitric oxide synthase in human respiratory epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo
J Allergy Clin Immunol
(2001) - et al.
Vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated induction of angiogenesis by human rhinoviruses
J Allergy Clin Immunol
(2006) - et al.
The early-life origins of asthma
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol
(2007) - et al.
Markers of eosinophilic inflammation and tissue re-modelling in children before clinically diagnosed bronchial asthma
Pediatr Allergy Immunol
(2005) - et al.
Early detection of airway wall remodelling and eosinophilic inflammation in preschool wheezers
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
(2007) - et al.
Relationships among specific viral pathogens, virus-induced interleukin-8, and respiratory symptoms in infancy
Pediatr Allergy Immunol
(2002) - et al.
Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life. The Group Health Medical Associates
N Engl J Med
(1995)
Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy is an important risk factor for asthma and allergy at age 7
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
Regulation of activin A expression in mast cells and asthma: its effect on the proliferation of human airway smooth muscle cells
J Immunol
Inhibition of allergen-induced airway remodeling in Smad 3-deficient mice
J Immunol
Increased vascular endothelial growth factor and receptors: relationship to angiogenesis in asthma
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
Proangiogenic activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with asthma
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
Increased vascularity of the bronchial mucosa in mild asthma
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
Cited by (110)
Amphiregulin in infectious diseases: Role, mechanism, and potential therapeutic targets
2024, Microbial PathogenesisRhinovirus Infections and Their Roles in Asthma: Etiology and Exacerbations
2022, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In PracticeCitation Excerpt :In addition, RV wheezing illnesses in early childhood are associated with reduced FEV1 and FEV1/forced vital capacity measured by spirometry at age 5 to 8 years.28 Given that RV infections can induce factors involved in airway remodeling,29 repeated RV lower respiratory infections could promote progressive airway obstruction. Allergy and evidence of type 2 inflammation are important risk factors for RV wheeze.
Activin-A in the regulation of immunity in health and disease
2019, Journal of AutoimmunityRhinoviruses and the onset of asthma
2019, Rhinovirus Infections: Rethinking the Impact on Human Health and DiseaseRole of viral infections in the development and exacerbation of asthma in children
2017, Journal of Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyBacteria and viruses and their role in the preschool wheeze to asthma transition
2024, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
Supported by an establishment grant from the Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research and by operating grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Alberta Lung Association. Richard Leigh is a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Clinician-Scientist (Phase 2) and an Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research Clinician Investigator and holds the GSK-CIHR Professorship in Inflammatory Lung Disease. Robert Newton is an Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research Scholar, and David Proud holds a Canada Research Chair in Inflammatory Airway Diseases.
Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: R. Leigh has consulting arrangements with AstraZeneca and GlaxoSmithKline and is on the speakers' bureau for AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, and Novartis. The rest of the authors have declared that they have no conflict of interest.