Asthma and lower airway diseaseA high-fat challenge increases airway inflammation and impairs bronchodilator recovery in asthma
Section snippets
Study participants
Nonobese (body mass index [BMI] < 30 kg/m2; n = 37) and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2; n = 14) subjects older than 18 years with stable asthma were recruited. Before the study, subjects fasted for 12 hours and withheld short-acting and long-acting β-agonist medications. Exclusion criteria were current smoking (smoked within past 6 months), abnormal electrocardiogram at screening, pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, cardiac arrhythmia, angina, congestive heart failure, renal or hepatic failure, and systemic
Results
Compared with baseline, there was a significant increase in plasma levels of total fatty acids, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) at 4 hours after the high-fat challenge (Table I). The high-fat challenge led to a significantly greater increase in plasma levels of total fatty acids, SFAs, and MUFAs than the low-fat challenge (Table I).
There were no significant differences in age or sex of each of the groups (Table II). There
Discussion
This is the first study to investigate the direct effect of dietary fat on systemic and airway inflammation in asthma. We have demonstrated that in patients with asthma, consumption of a single high-fat meal leads to increased circulating fatty acid levels, and this corresponds with an increase in induced sputum % neutrophils and TLR4 mRNA expression in sputum cells. This fat-induced inflammation corresponds with attenuation of airway bronchodilator recovery, which correlates with the increase
References (47)
- et al.
Palmitate activates the NF-kappaB transcription factor and induces IL-6 and TNFalpha expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
J Nutr
(2005) - et al.
Fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in L6 myotubes is prevented by inhibition of activation and nuclear localization of nuclear factor kappa B
J Biol Chem
(2004) - et al.
Orange juice neutralizes the proinflammatory effect of a high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal and prevents endotoxin increase and Toll-like receptor expression
Am J Clin Nutr
(2010) - et al.
Increase in intracellular nuclear factor κB and decrease in inhibitor κB in mononuclear cells after a mixed meal: evidence for a proinflammatory effect
Am J Clin Nutr
(2004) - et al.
Postprandial endothelial activation in healthy subjects and in type 2 diabetic patients: role of fat and carbohydrate meals
J Am Coll Cardiol
(2002) - et al.
Effect of a single high fat meal on endothelial function in healthy subjects
Am J Cardiol
(1997) - et al.
Postprandial recruitment of neutrophils may contribute to endothelial dysfunction
J Lipid Res
(2003) - et al.
ISAAC Steering Committee: intake of trans fatty acids and prevalence of childhood asthma and allergies in Europe
Lancet
(1999) - et al.
Improved antioxidant and fatty acid status following antioxidant supplementation is linked to improved lung function in cystic fibrosis
Am J Clin Nutr
(2003) - et al.
Innate immune mechanisms linking non-esterified fatty acids and respiratory disease
Prog Lipid Res
(2009)
Differential modulation of Nods signaling pathways by fatty acids in human colonic epithelial HCT116 cells
J Biol Chem
Postprandial endothelial activation in healthy subjects and in type 2 diabetic patients: role of fat and carbohydrate meals
J Am Coll Cardiol
Butter and walnuts, but not olive oil, elicit postprandial activation of nuclear transcription factor κB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy men
Am J Clin Nutr
Saturated fatty acids, but not unsaturated fatty acids, induce the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 mediated through Toll-like receptor 4
J Biol Chem
Saturated fatty acid activates but polyunsaturated fatty acid inhibits Toll-like receptor 2 dimerized with Toll-like receptor 6 or 1
J Biol Chem
TLR4 links innate immunity and fatty acid-induced insulin resistance
J Clin Invest
Prolonged reactive oxygen species generation and nuclear factor-κB activation after a high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal in the obese
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
Postprandial variations of plasma inflammatory markers in abdominally obese men
Obesity
Minireview: weapons of lean body mass destruction: the role of ectopic lipids in the metabolic syndrome
Endocrinology
Diet and endothelial dysfunction
Biol Res
Toll-like receptor-4 mediates vascular inflammation and insulin resistance in diet-induced obesity
Circ Res
Innate immune activation in neutrophilic asthma and bronchiectasis
Thorax
Increased neutrophil numbers and IL-8 levels in airway secretions in acute severe asthma
Am J Respir Crit Care Med
Cited by (222)
Systemic Inflammation in Asthma: What Are the Risks and Impacts Outside the Airway?
2024, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In PracticeReply to “Diet may be the common factor linking aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease”
2024, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In PracticeEffect of dietary interventions on markers of type 2 inflammation in asthma: A systematic review
2024, Respiratory MedicineDietary Inflammatory Index and Clinical Outcome Measures in Adults With Moderate-to-Severe Asthma
2023, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice
Supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Project Grant and a Hunter Medical Research Institute project grant sponsored by the Piggott family.
Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: L. G. Wood has received honoraria from GlaxoSmithKline and has received research support from the National Health and Medical Research Council. M. L. Garg declares no conflicts of interest. P. G. Gibson has received honoraria from GlaxoSmithKline and Boehringer Ingelheim and has received research support from the National Health and Medical Research Council.