Table 3

Themes and associated challenges identified in documentary analysis

High level themesAssociated challenges
Staffing
  • ▸ Staff shortages

  • ▸ High staff turnover

  • ▸ Training of staff on bundle implementation

  • ▸ Training of staff on inhaler technique and smoking cessation

  • ▸ Staff not following the whole patient journey

  • ▸ Capability to make COPD referral-A&E nurse/doctor not referring to appropriate ward

  • ▸ Lack of staff engagement

  • ▸ Low buy in from pharmacists

  • ▸ Staff too busy

Infrastructure
  • ▸ Added workload of bundle

  • ▸ Bed shortages

  • ▸ Ward moves

  • ▸ Lack of pulmonary rehabilitation service

  • ▸ Issues with government plans

  • ▸ GP involvement

  • ▸ Sustainability and costs of BLF booklet

  • ▸ Lack of communication and collaboration across sites

Process
  • ▸ Lack of prompt data capture

  • ▸ Patient coding issues (correct disease diagnostic coding)

  • ▸ Lack of prompt feedback to staff on the progress of the project

  • ▸ Poor quality of spirometry

  • ▸ Completion status unclear because of community bundle end point

Methodology
  • ▸ Issues using PDSA cycles

  • ▸ NHS sustainability tool—too generic not context specific

  • ▸ Unfamiliarity with tools

Patient and public involvement
  • ▸ Patient involvement declined over time

  • ▸ Patients focused on own interest and not the projects’

  • ▸ Patient illness

  • ▸ Patient engagement poor

  • BLF, British Lung Foundation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GP, general practitioner; PDSA, Plan-Do-Study-Act.