At least one respiratory alarm symptom | Prolonged coughing | Shortness of breath | Coughing up blood | Prolonged hoarseness | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | Adjusted OR* | 95% CI | Ptrend† | OR | Adjusted OR* | 95% CI | Ptrend† | OR | Adjusted OR* | 95% CI | Ptrend† | OR | Adjusted OR* | 95% CI | Ptrend† | OR | Adjusted OR* | 95% CI | Ptrend† | |
Age (years) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.222 | <0.001 | |||||||||||||||
20–39 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
40–59 | 1.03 | 0.97 | 0.88 to 1.08 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 0.85 to 1.11 | 1.07 | 0.95 | 0.83 to 1.09 | 0.64 | 0.44 | 0.19 to 0.99 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 0.78 to 1.23 | |||||
60–79 | 1.54 | 1.40 | 1.27 to 1.55 | 1.46 | 1.49 | 1.30 to 1.70 | 1.37 | 1.13 | 0.99 to 1.30 | 0.60 | 0.56 | 0.25 to 1.28 | 2.16 | 1.97 | 1.59 to 2.44 | |||||
>80 | 2.33 | 2.32 | 1.89 to 2.84 | 2.47 | 3.02 | 2.36 to 3.85 | 2.04 | 2.21 | 1.95 to 2.51 | 0.59 | 0.64 | 0.08 to 5.06 | 3.64 | 3.36 | 2.38 to 4.73 | |||||
Smoking status | ||||||||||||||||||||
Never | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
Former | 1.68 | 1.42 | 1.30 to 1.56 | 1.36 | 1.11 | 0.98 to 1.26 | 1.91 | 1.71 | 1.51 to 1.94 | 1.21 | 1.35 | 0.58 to 3.13 | 2.01 | 1.62 | 1.36 to 1.94 | |||||
Current | 2.70 | 2.58 | 2.35 to 2.83 | 3.28 | 3.09 | 2.75 to 3.47 | 2.25 | 2.13 | 1.85 to 2.45 | 2.12 | 2.19 | 1.00 to 4.78 | 1.65 | 1.54 | 1.27 to 1.88 | |||||
Alcohol intake (units/week) | <0.001‡ | <0.001‡ | 0.269‡ | 0.955‡ | 0.823 | |||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
1–7 | 0.49 | 0.58 | 0.50 to 0.67 | 0.54 | 0.65 | 0.54 to 0.79 | 0.45 | 0.53 | 0.44 to 0.64 | 0.55 | 0.70 | 0.21 to 2.35 | 0.62 | 0.66 | 0.50 to 0.87 | |||||
8–21 | 0.61 | 0.62 | 0.54 to 0.73 | 0.69 | 0.75 | 0.62 to 0.91 | 0.51 | 0.52 | 0.43 to 0.63 | 0.56 | 0.62 | 0.17 to 2.26 | 0.64 | 0.59 | 0.44 to 0.80 | |||||
≥22 | 0.88 | 0.79 | 0.66 to 0.96 | 1.05 | 0.98 | 0.78 to 1.24 | 0.68 | 0.62 | 0.49 to 0.79 | 0.78 | 0.82 | 0.16 to 4.08 | 0.83 | 0.72 | 0.50 to 1.04 | |||||
Body mass index | ||||||||||||||||||||
Underweight (<18.5) | 2.27 | 2.01 | 1.31 to 3.07 | 2.37 | 2.01 | 1.22 to 3.32 | 1.52 | 1.30 | 0.69 to 2.46 | – | – | – | 2.95 | 2.80 | 1.47 to 5.33 | |||||
Normal (18.5–24.9) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
Overweight (25–29.9) | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.03 to 1.21 | 1.01 | 1.05 | 0.94 to 1.16 | 1.26 | 1.25 | 1.11 to 1.40 | 0.91 | 1.01 | 0.48 to 2.11 | 0.98 | 0.91 | 0.77 to 1.07 | |||||
Obese (≥30) | 1.57 | 1.60 | 1.44 to 1.77 | 1.29 | 1.38 | 1.21 to 1.59 | 2.16 | 2.13 | 1.86 to 2.43 | 1.67 | 1.88 | 0.81 to 4.36 | 1.13 | 1.04 | 0.84 to 1.29 |
Bold indicates statistical significance at 5% level.
*Adjusted for: age, smoking status, alcohol intake and body mass index.
†Statistically significant Ptest for trend<0.05.
‡Only tested for those who drink more than 0 units/week.