Table 2

Comparison of clinical indices between robust, prefrail and frail groups classified by the Kihon Checklist

Variable	n	Robust	Prefrail	Frail
CAT score	79	5.8±4.7	7.3±5.6	15.2±9.1*†
SGRQ
Symptom	79	34.2±16.0	31.2±15.2	53.6±22.4*†
Activity	79	17.7±19.2	31.6±21.4*	62.5±22.8*†
Impacts	79	5.5±7.4	11.6±10.8	33.9±19.8*†
Total	79	13.8±10.1	20.8±12.3	45.9±19.0*†
SF-36
Physical functioning	73	48.6±9.0	38.2±13.8*	27.8±17.7*†
Role physical	73	45.8±11.2	37.9±15.6	36.9±13.4
Bodily pain	73	54.5±9.5	50.1±10.8	41.5±8.5*†
General health	73	50.9±8.6	44.9±5.2*	35.4±7.7*,†
Vitality	73	56.6±7.5	51.2±7.6*	40.2±8.1*†
Social functioning	73	53.7±6.3	50.0±9.7	36.8±11.1*†
Role emotional	73	48.8±10.4	45.4±13.3	39.1±16.1*
Mental health	73	54.9±8.4	51.1±7.6	40.9±9.5*†
Hyland Scale score	79	74.1±10.5	68.3±13.5	47.4±18.5*†
BDI score	77	9.8±1.8	9.5±1.7	6.0±2.5*†
D-12 score	78	0.4±0.9	1.5±3.2	4.8±7.1*†
FEV₁(L)	79	1.91±0.53	1.65±0.54	1.40±0.49*
FEV₁(% pred)	79	72.9±19.5	69.6±20.8	60.9±20.6
FEV₁/FVC (%)	79	57.2±9.6	54.7±12.1	52.4±12.1
IC (L)	79	2.19±0.62	2.10±0.53	1.90±0.45
IC/TLC (%)	79	37.3±9.7	38.1±10.0	39.2±15.0
TLC (% pred)	79	109.4±20.7	110.0±34.1	98.7±31.0
DL_CO(mL/min/mmHg)	79	13.14±4.76	11.03±3.51	8.99±4.59*
DL_CO(% pred)	79	55.9±18.8	49.5±16.2	40.9±20.5*
DL_CO/V_A(mL/min/mmHg/L)	79	2.79±0.86	2.46±0.65	2.31±1.28

Values represent mean±SD.
*p<0.05 versus robust group.
†p<0.05 versus prefrail group.
BDI, Baseline Dyspnea Index; CAT, COPD Assessment Test; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; D-12, Dyspnea-12; DL_CO, diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide; FEV₁ % pred, forced expiratory volume in 1 s expressed in percentage predicted; IC, inspiratory capacity; SF-36, Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short-form; SGRQ, St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire; TLC, total lung capacity; V_A, alveolar volume.