Patient demographics and comorbidities in the experimental and control groups
| Control (n=75) | Experimental (n=67) | P values | |
| Male, count (%) | 31 (41) | 35 (52) | 0.09 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 59.3 (16.3) | 58.9 (16.8) | 0.49 |
| Race and ethnicity, count (%) | |||
| White | 36 (48) | 30 (45) | 0.35 |
| African American | 10 (13) | 6 (9.0) | 0.21 |
| Asian American | 13 (17) | 9 (13) | 0.26 |
| Hispanic | 13 (17) | 17 (25) | 0.12 |
| Other | 3 (4.4) | 5 (7.5) | 0.18 |
| Comorbidities, count (%) | |||
| Sepsis | 9 (12) | 16 (24) | 0.03 |
| Severe sepsis with septic shock | 7 (9.3) 4 (5.3) | 5 (7.5) 1 (1.5) | 0.34 0.11 |
| Cardiovascular | 17 (23) | 14 (21) | 0.39 |
| Renal | 10 (13) | 8 (12) | 0.40 |
| Liver | 4 (5.3) | 3 (4.5) | 0.41 |
| Organ transplant | 10 (13) | 11 (16) | 0.30 |
| HIV positive | 2 (2.7) | 2 (3.0) | 0.45 |
| Mental health disorder | 2 (2.7) | 1 (1.5) | 0.31 |
| Diabetes | 9 (12) | 9 (13) | 0.40 |
| COPD | 3 (4) | 1 (1.5) | 0.18 |
| Cancer | 26 (35) | 32 (48) | 0.06 |
| Alcohol abuse | 4 (5.3) | 1 (1.5) | 0.11 |
| Pneumonia | 7 (9.3) | 6 (9) | 0.47 |
Comorbidities are based on International Classification of Diseases 10 codes (see online supplemental table S2). P value for statistically significant differences in the distribution of demographics were calculated with a two-proportion z-test for all categorical variables, and a two-sample t-test for the continuous variable (age). Significance was set at 0.05.
COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.