Table 2

Grades of recommendations

GradeType of evidence
AAt least one meta-analysis, systematic review or RCT rated as 1++ and directly applicable to the target population or
A systematic review of RCTs or a body of evidence consisting principally of studies rated as 1+ directly applicable to the target population and demonstrating overall consistency of results.
BA body of evidence including studies rated as 2++ directly applicable to the target population and demonstrating overall consistency of results or
Extrapolated evidence from studies rated as 1++ or 1+.
CA body of evidence including studies rated as 2+ directly applicable to the target population and demonstrating overall consistency of results or
Extrapolated evidence from studies rated as 2++.
DEvidence level 3 or 4 or.
Extrapolated evidence from studies rated as 2+.
Important practical points for which there is no research evidence, nor is there likely to be any research evidence. The guideline committee wishes to emphasise these as good practice points.
  • RCT, randomised controlled trial.