Target/sample | Patients with COPD (9/13)* | HV (3/10)* | ||||||||||
Paired mask-ae (copies/mask) and sputum (sp) samples | Mask only | Mask only | ||||||||||
2 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 13 | 3 | 4 | 7 | 10 | 4 | 8 | 10 | |
mefA ae | 114 | 1514 | 45 159 | 8724 | 3574 | 254 | 120 | 478 | 5923 | 163 | 181 | 829 |
sp | 6727 | 162 | 728 | 6253 | 74 722 | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
tetM ae | 101 | 334 | 7296 | 365 | 1362 | 258 | < | 308 | 247 | 134 | < | 290 |
sp | 45 295 | < | 37 828 | 48† | 40 590 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
ErmB ae | < | < | < | < | 1375 | 239 | < | 1379 | 273 | < | < | 1470 |
sp | < | < | < | < | 17 352 | – | – | – | – | < | < | < |
blaTEM ae | < | < | < | < | < | < | < | < | 365 | < | < | < |
sp | < | < | < | < | < | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Ratio mefA/ ae | 1.1 | 4.5 | 6.2 | 23.9 | 2.62 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
tetM sp | 0.15 | – | 0.02 | 56.7 | 1.84 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Proph/SM | Tet | Amox | Nil | Nil | Amox | Tet | Nil | Amox | Co-Amox | – | – | – |
Pathogen qPCR | Nil | Mc+Pa | Nil | Hi | Nil | Nil | Nil | Nil | Nil | – | – | – |
–, not done; <, below limit of detection (100 copies). Note: pt 11-prophylactic amoxicillin-antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes below limit of detection.
*Figures in parentheses show number of subjects positive/total number of subjects sampled.
†>100 copies detected.
ae, mask aerosol sample (copies per mask); Amox, amoxicillin; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Co-Amox, co-amoxiclav; HV, healthy volunteers; Hi, Haemophilus influenzae; Mc, Moraxella catarrhalis; Pa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Proph/SM, prophylaxis/self-management; sp, sputum (copies per gram).Tet, tetracycline; qPCR, quantitative PCR;