Clinical and demographic characteristics of CPRD-GM/CPRD-xGM patients and SLS COPD participants
| Variable | Category | CPRD-GM | CPRD-xGM | SLS COPD |
| n | 2049 | 16 758 | 1403 | |
| Total follow-up (mean) | Years | 1841.60 (0.90) | 14 587 (0.87) | 1370.92 (0.98) |
| Sex | Female | 1180 (57.59%) | 8595 (51.29%) | 671 (47.83%) |
| Age | Mean (95% CI) | 69.77 (69.30 to 70.23) | 71.12 (70.96 to 71.29) | 66.73 (66.21 to 67.25) |
| Median (range, 2.5%−97.5%) | 69.96 (47.57−89.22) | 71.41 (48.14−90.21) | 67.00 (46.00−85.00) | |
| SES IMD 2010 quintiles | Missing | 0 (0.00%) | 8 (0.05%) | 8 (0.57%) |
| 5 (least deprived) | 127 (6.20%) | 2499 (14.91%) | 72 (5.13%) | |
| 4 | 219 (10.69%) | 3428 (20.46%) | 105 (7.48%) | |
| 3 | 283 (13.81%) | 3348 (19.98%) | 202 (14.40%) | |
| 2 | 456 (22.25%) | 3897 (23.25%) | 294 (20.96%) | |
| 1 (most deprived) | 964 (47.05%) | 3578 (21.35%) | 722 (51.46%) | |
| Current medication (prescriptions in the last 3 months) | None of the below treatments in the last 3 months* | 165 (8.05%) | 1693 (10.10%) | 145 (10.33%) |
| LABA only | 32 (1.56%) | 252 (1.50%) | 19 (1.35%) | |
| LAMA only | 174 (8.49%) | 1480 (8.83%) | 143 (10.19%) | |
| ICS only | 114 (5.56%) | 758 (4.52%) | 62 (4.42%) | |
| LABA/LAMA | 25 (1.22%) | 177 (1.06%) | 18 (1.28%) | |
| LAMA/ICS | 24 (1.17%) | 235 (1.40%) | 56 (3.99%) | |
| LABA/ICS | 594 (28.99%) | 4529 (27.03%) | 337 (24.02%) | |
| LABA/LAMA/ICS | 921 (44.95%) | 7634 (45.55%) | 623 (44.40%) | |
| Current asthma | 485 (23.67%) | 4018 (23.98%) | 298 (21.24%) | |
| Comorbidities (history) | Anxiety | 572 (27.92%) | 3661 (21.85%) | 301 (21.45%) |
| Asthma | 1213 (59.20%) | 10 083 (60.17%) | 755 (53.81%) | |
| CVD | 387 (18.89%) | 3222 (19.23%) | 238 (16.96%) | |
| Depression | 767 (37.43%) | 5466 (32.62%) | 344 (24.52%) | |
| GORD/peptic ulcer | 571 (27.87%) | 4120 (24.59%) | 355 (25.30%) | |
| Pneumonia | 282 (13.76%) | 2635 (15.72%) | 147 (10.48%) | |
| Exacerbation history in the previous 12 months† | Events | 3262 | 24 892 | 2372 |
| Rate (95% CI) | 1.80 (1.74 to 1.86) | 1.66 (1.64 to 1.68) | 1.94 (1.86 to 2.02) | |
| FEV1% | Mean (95% CI) | 56.72 (55.83 to 57.61) | 55.84 (55.53 to 56.16) | 60.30 (59.17 to 61.43) |
| Median (range, 2.5%−97.5%) | 55.80 (22.68−95.23) | 55.07 (22.34−95.97) | 60.90 (24.30−98.90) | |
| Missing (%) | 12.79 | 14.25 | 21.53 | |
| FEV1: FVC (%) | Mean (95% CI) | 61.06 (60.24 to 61.88) | 60.51 (60.22 to 60.80) | 54.39 (53.58 to 55.19) |
| Median (range, 2.5%−97.5%) | 60.60 (32.20−95.00) | 60.00 (31.00−95.70) | 54.80 (28.65−79.09) | |
| Missing (%) | 23.13 | 21.58 | 21.53 | |
| GOLD stage | Missing | 479 (23.38%) | 3783 (22.57%) | 217 (15.47%) |
| 0 (FEV1:FVC≥70) | 451 (22.01%) | 3589 (21.42%) | 147 (10.48%) | |
| 1 (FEV1:FVC<70, FEV1%≥80) | 70 (3.42%) | 522 (3.11%) | 84 (5.99%) | |
| 2 (FEV1:FVC<70, 50≤FEV1%<80) | 527 (25.72%) | 4347 (25.94%) | 522 (37.21%) | |
| 3 (FEV1:FVC<70, 30≤FEV1%<50) | 422 (20.60%) | 3528 (21.05%) | 332 (23.66%) | |
| 4 (FEV1:FVC<70, FEV1%<30) | 100 (4.88%) | 989 (5.90%) | 101 (7.20%) | |
| Smoking | Never | 165 (8.05%) | 1349 (8.05%) | 59 (4.21%) |
| Ex | 1177 (57.44%) | 10 033 (59.87%) | 678 (48.33%) | |
| Current | 707 (34.50%) | 5376 (32.08%) | 666 (47.47%) |
*Data from electronic health records.
†Exacerbation history is treated as a rate per person-year.
CPRD-GM, Clinical Practice Research Datalink in Greater Manchester; CPRD-xGM, Clinical Practice Research Datalink outside of Greater Manchester; CVD, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (specifically heart failure, myocardial infarction and stroke); FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; GOLD, Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; GORD, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation; LABA, long-acting β2-agonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; SES, socioeconomic status; SLS COPD, Salford Lung Study in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.