Survival by HIV status and presence of a positive MRDT, signs of shock ±anaemia, MOF and malnutrition
Diagnostic categories (N) | Survival | VSPNA, no comorbidity*, N=58 (% who survived or died; 95% CI) | Suspected TB, N=20 (% who survived or died; 95% CI) | Signs of shock†; N=22 (% who survived or died; 95% CI) | MRDT positive; N=31 (% who survived or died; 95% CI) | Anaemia N=15 (% who survived or died; 95% CI) | MOF‡ >1 organ failure; N=54 (% who survived or died; 95% CI) | SAM (61% had MOF) § N=28 (% who survived or died; 95% CI) |
HIV non-exp. or non-reactive (n=36) | Survived | 19 (100%; 82% to 100%) | 7 (78%; 40% to 97%) | 3 (43%; 10% to 82%) | 6 (60%; 26% to 88%) | 2 (67%; 9% to 99%) | 9 (56%; 30% to 80%) | 4 (50%; 16% to 82%) |
Died | 0 (0%; 0% to 17%) | 2 (22%; 3% to 60%) | 4 (57%; 18% to 90%) | 4 (40%; 12% to 74%) | 1 (33%; 1% to 91%) | 7 (44%; 20% to 70%) | 4 (50%; 16% to 82%) | |
HIV exposed or reactive (n=22) | Survived | 8 (57%; 29% to 82%) | 2 (22%; 3% to 60%) | 1 (100%; 2.5% to 100%) | 2 (50%; 7% to 93%) | 1 (33%; 1% to 91%) | 1 (14%; 0% to 58%) | 2 (17%; 2% to 48%) |
Died | 6 (43%; 18% to 71%) | 7 (78%; 40% to 97%) | 0 (0%, 0% to 97.5%) | 2 (50%; 7% to 93%) | 2 (67%; 9% to 99%) | 6 (86%; 42% to 100%) | 10 (83%; 52% to 98%) | |
HIV status unknown (n=59) | Survived | 21 (91%; 72% to 99%) | 1 (50%; 13% to 99%) | 6 (43%; 18% to 71%) | 12 (71%; 44% to 90%) | 6 (67%; 30% to 93%) | 15 (47%; 29% to 65%) | 4 (50%; 16% to 82%) |
Died | 2 (9%; 1% to 28%) | 1 (50%; 13% to 99%) | 8 (57%; 29% to 82%) | 5 (29%; 10% to 56%) | 3 (33%; 7% to 70%) | 17 (53%; 35% to 71%) | 4 (50%; 16% to 82%) | |
Total (n=117) | Survived | 48 (86%; 74% to 94%) | 10 (50%; 27% to 73%) | 10 (45%; 24% to 68%) | 20 (65%; 45% to 81%) | 9 (60%; 32% to 84%) | 25 (45%; 32% to 59%) | 10 (36%; 19% to 56%) |
Died | 8 (14%; 6% to 26%) | 10 (50%; 27% to 73%) | 12 (55%; 32% to 76%) | 11 (35%; 19% to 55%) | 6 (40%; 16% to 68%) | 30 (55%; 41% to 68%) | 18 (64%; 44% to 81%) |
*For explanation of comorbidity and organ failure, see table 2. Please note that 5 of these 19 patients had ‘suspected TB’
†Signs of shock—all three positive signs: weak peripheral and/or central pulses, temperature gradient, delayed capillary refill time.28
‡Organ failure, for example, respiratory failure, shock/impaired circulation, severe anaemia, coma/prolonged convulsion.
§Z-score weight/height<3; MUAC <115 mm; if not height/weight or MUAC available: weight/age z-score < −3.
¶(61%) children with SAM had MOF.
MOF, multiorgan failure; MRDT, malaria rapid diagnostic tests; SAM, severeacute malnutrition; TB, tuberculosis; VSPNA, very severe pneumonia.