Female | Male | 18–60 years | >60 years | |
Stroke | 1.76 (1.62 to 1.92) | 1.80 (1.67 to 1.93) | 2.12 (1.71 to 2.62) | 1.79 (1.69 to 1.89) |
Alcoholism | 1.37 (1.15 to 1.64) | 1.62 (1.51 to 1.74) | 1.70 (1.54 to 1.88) | 1.47 (1.34 to 1.61) |
Anaemia | 1.50 (1.44 to 1.56) | 1.88 (1.78 to 1.99) | 1.31 (1.24 to 1.39) | 1.83 (1.76 to 1.91) |
Arthritis | 1.66 (1.44 to 1.92) | 1.64 (1.35 to 1.98) | 1.54 (1.22 to 1.93) | 1.70 (1.49 to 1.93) |
Asthma | 2.25 (2.13 to 2.38) | 1.90 (1.78 to 2.04) | 2.03 (1.91 to 2.16) | 2.17 (2.04 to 2.30) |
Cardiopathy | 1.89 (1.78 to 2.00) | 1.75 (1.67 to 1.83) | 1.72 (1.51 to 1.95) | 1.88 (1.81 to 1.96) |
Dementia | 1.61 (1.50 to 1.72) | 2.00 (1.85 to 2.17) | 3.39 (2.10 to 5.57) | 1.78 (1.69 to 1.88) |
Poor dental hygiene | 1.40 (1.35 to 1.46) | 1.48 (1.43 to 1.54) | 1.48 (1.43 to 1.54) | 1.41 (1.36 to 1.46) |
Depression | 1.45 (1.40 to 1.51) | 1.45 (1.38 to 1.53) | 1.46 (1.39 to 1.53) | 1.43 (1.38 to 1.49) |
Diabetes | 1.30 (1.24 to 1.36) | 1.35 (1.30 to 1.41) | 1.45 (1.34 to 1.56) | 1.34 (1.29 to 1.38) |
Dysphagia | 2.03 (1.73 to 2.39) | 2.29 (1.96 to 2.68) | 1.96 (1.58 to 2.43) | 2.25 (1.97 to 2.57) |
Multiple sclerosis | 1.32 (0.92 to 1.88) | 3.28 (2.01 to 5.47) | 1.72 (1.23 to 2.38) | 2.08 (1.19 to 3.67) |
Epilepsy | 1.82 (1.60 to 2.08) | 1.85 (1.66 to 2.08) | 2.16 (1.88 to 2.48) | 1.66 (1.48 to 1.85) |
COPD | 2.81 (2.57 to 3.07) | 2.75 (2.63 to 2.88) | 3.72 (3.29 to 4.22) | 2.71 (2.59 to 2.83) |
Guillain-Barré | 3.00 (0.86 to 11.74) | 2.15 (1.01 to 4.64) | 5.33 (1.54 to 24.36) | 1.71 (0.78 to 3.71) |
Hepatitis | 1.82 (1.64 to 2.01) | 1.78 (1.64 to 1.93) | 2.00 (1.80 to 2.21) | 1.69 (1.56 to 1.83) |
Osteoarthritis | 1.14 (1.08 to 1.20) | 1.13 (1.06 to 1.20) | 1.14 (1.00 to 1.30) | 1.14 (1.09 to 1.19) |
Parkinson | 1.54 (1.34 to 1.76) | 1.77 (1.57 to 1.99) | 0.92 (0.45 to 1.79) | 1.69 (1.54 to 1.86) |
Low weight | 2.04 (1.83 to 2.28) | 2.22 (1.86 to 2.65) | 2.04 (1.80 to 2.32) | 2.14 (1.86 to 2.47) |
Chronic renal disease | 2.04 (1.85 to 2.26) | 1.83 (1.70 to 1.98) | 3.37 (2.55 to 4.48) | 1.88 (1.77 to 2.00) |
Low social status | 2.26 (1.67 to 3.06) | 2.78 (1.93 to 4.03) | 2.24 (1.65 to 3.04) | 2.80 (1.96 to 4.05) |
HIV | 5.00 (3.61 to 7.03) | 5.11 (4.13 to 6.35) | 5.53 (4.58 to 6.71) | 2.00 (1.07 to 3.74) |
Passive smoker | 1.43 (1.38 to 1.48) | 1.38 (1.33 to 1.44) | 1.18 (1.13 to 1.23) | 1.50 (1.45 to 1.55) |
Smoker/ex-smoker | 1.87 (1.79 to 1.95) | 1.97 (1.90 to 2.04) | 1.73 (1.67 to 1.80) | 2.29 (2.19 to 2.38) |
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.