Instrument | Reference for development | Target population | Concepts measured | Items, scores and scales | Language* |
CAP specific | |||||
CAP-Sym | Lamping et al29 | Diagnosed with CAP | Symptoms/problems associated with CAP. | Eighteen items, each six-point scale. Total score range 0–90, high values indicate poorer outcomes. | English (extensively translated) |
CAP-BIQ | Wyrwich et al19 | Diagnosed with CAP, aged >50 years | Presence of key symptoms, comorbidities affected, psychosocial impacts, productivity and health resource use. | Twelve domains for symptoms and four other domains. Aggregate scoring methods unclear. | English |
CAP-Score | El Moussaoui et al30 | Diagnosed with CAP and hospitalised | Symptoms and general state of well-being associated with CAP. | Nine items, two domains, multiple scales. Composite score with 0–100 scale, low values indicate poorer outcomes. | Dutch (English) |
Metlay Score 1 | Metlay etal31 | Diagnosed with mild-CAP | Symptoms associated with CAP. | Five items, various scoring scales. Composite score 0–100 scale, low values indicate poorer outcomes. | English |
Metlay Score 2 | Metlay et al32 | Diagnosed with mild-CAP | Symptoms associated with CAP. | Five items, each six-point scale. Composite score 0–100 scale, low values indicate poorer outcomes. | English |
Respiratory specific | |||||
LCQ | Garrod et al43 | Severe COPD | Limitation in daily activity. | Fifteen items, four domains, each six-point scale. Composite score 0–90, high values indicate greater disability. | English (multiple translation) |
MRC dyspnoea scale | Fletcher44 | Chronic respiratory disease | Disability associated with breathlessness. | One item, graded 1–5. Higher grade indicates greater incapacity. | English (multiple translations) |
Functional performance | |||||
Barthel Index | Mahoney nd Barthel45 | Chronic neuromuscular or musculoskeletal disorders | Level of independence with ADLs. | Ten items, three-level rating with associated score. Composite score 0–100, high values indicate greater independence (modified versions exist). | English (multiple translations) |
Lawton IADL Scale | Lawton and Brody46 | Older adults (not institutionalised) | Ability to perform tasks necessary to live independently in the community. | Eight items, each with 3–5 corresponding statements from which participant selects one. Each item scored 0 or 1. Composite score 0–8, low values indicate greater incapacity. | English (multiple translations) |
Katz Index | Katz et al47 | Older adults | Ability to perform ADLs independently. | Six items, each rated 0 or 1. Composite score 0–6, where low scores indicate greater dependence. | English (multiple translations) |
ECOG | Oken et al48 | Cancer | Impact of disease on the daily living abilities of the individual. | One item, graded 1–5. Higher grade indicates greater incapacity. | English (multiple translations) |
Generic | |||||
SF-36 | Ware and Sherbourne28 | Any illness | Health-related quality of life. | Two component scores, eight-dimensions, 36-items (SF-36), 12-items (SF-12) and 8-items (SF-8). Composite score 0–100 for each component/dimension, higher scores indicate higher quality of life. | English (extensively translated) |
SF-12 | Ware et al49 | ||||
SF-8 | Ware et al50 | ||||
EQ-5D | The EuroQoL Group51 | Any illness, cross-cultural evaluations | Health-related quality of life. | Five items representing five health domains, plus one global item rated on a visual analogue scale 0–100 points, higher scores indicate good health. | Extensively translated |
Sickness impact profile | Bergner et al52 | Any illness | Behavioural measure of sickness-related dysfunction. | Three dimensions, 12 categories, 136 items rated on binary scale. Dimension and category subscores may be calculated. Higher scaled scores indicate greater dysfunction. | English (multiple translations) |
WHOQOL-BREF | WHOQOL Group53 | Any illness, cross-cultural evaluations | Health status based on the individual’s perceptions in the context of their culture and value systems. | Four domains, 26 items. | Extensively translated |
*Language used in development with alternative translations in parentheses.
ADL, activities of daily living;CAP, community-acquired pneumonia; CAP-BIQ, CAP Burden of Illness Questionnaire; CAP-Sym, CAP Symptom Questionnaire; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; EQ-5D, EuroQol-five dimensions; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living; LCQ, London Chest Questionnaire; MRC, Medical Research Council; SF, Short Form Survey; WHOQOL-BREF, WHO quality of life questionnaire short form.