Baseline clinical presentation at enrolment
| Amoxicillin | Placebo | |||||||
| Age 2–6 months | Age 7–11 months | Age 12–23 months | Age 24–59 months | Age 2–6 months | Age 7–11 months | Age 12–23 months | Age 24–59 months | |
| No of children | 9 | 7 | 18 | 10 | 14 | 9 | 17 | 14 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 6 (66.7) | 4 (57.1) | 10 (55.6) | 7 (70.0) | 6 (42.9) | 4 (44.4) | 6 (35.3) | 6 (42.9) |
| Malaria present, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (14.3) | 1 (5.6) | 2 (20.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (7.1) |
| Diarrhoea (by caretaker assessment), n (%) | 1 (11.1) | 1 (14.3) | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (22.2) | 2 (11.8) | 2 (14.3) |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/min) 40–49, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (44.4) | 7 (70.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 10 (58.8) | 10 (71.4) |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/min) >49, n (%) | 9 (100.0) | 7 (100.0) | 10 (55.6) | 3 (30.0) | 14 (100.0) | 9 (100.0) | 7 (41.2) | 4 (28.6) |
| Oxygen saturation 90%–93%, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Oxygen saturation >93%, n (%) | 9 (100.0) | 7 (100.0) | 17 (94.4) | 10 (100.0) | 14 (100.0) | 9 (100.0) | 17 (100.0) | 14 (100.0) |
| Axillary temperature >38°C, n (%) | 1 (11.1) | 1 (14.3) | 5 (27.8) | 4 (40.0) | 1 (7.1) | 1 (11.1) | 3 (17.6) | 9 (64.3) |
| Axillary temperature <38°C, n (%) | 8 (88.9) | 6 (85.7) | 13 (72.2) | 6 (60.0) | 13 (92.9) | 8 (88.9) | 14 (82.4) | 5 (35.7) |
| Heart rate (beats/min) Median | 156 | 149 | 150 | 136 | 147 | 150 | 145 | 153 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) Min, Max | 129, 170 | 117, 162 | 126, 192 | 130, 156 | 129, 168 | 120, 162 | 133, 163 | 125, 170 |
| Height/weight Z-score, n | 9 | 7 | 18 | 10 | 14 | 9 | 17 | 14 |
| Height/weight Z-score > −2, n (%) | 9 (100.0) | 7 (100.0) | 17 (94.4) | 10 (100.0) | 13 (92.9) | 9 (100.0) | 17 (100.0) | 13 (92.9) |
| Height/weight Z-score −2 and −3, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (7.1) |
| Height/weight Z-score Mean (SD) | 1.5 (1.2) | 0.0 (1.4) | 0.9 (1.5) | 0.0 (1.3) | 0.9 (1.9) | 0.4 (1.0) | 0.8 (0.6) | −0.2 (1.1) |
| Mid-upper arm circumference, n | 9 | 7 | 18 | 10 | 14 | 9 | 17 | 14 |
| Mid-upper arm circumference >125 mm, n (%) | 8 (88.9) | 7 (100.0) | 18 (100.0) | 10 (100.0) | 12 (85.7) | 9 (100.0) | 17 (100.0) | 14 (100.0) |
| Mid-upper arm circumference 115–125 mm, n (%) | 1 (11.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Mid-upper arm circumference Median (IQR) | 140.6 (8.9) | 144.6 (6.4) | 153.4 (11.5) | 156.2 (14.0) | 139.3 (10.6) | 146.2 (9.5) | 150.4 (9.6) | 151.4 (6.9) |
| Evidence of discharge from ear, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Runny nose, n (%) | 6 (66.7) | 6 (85.7) | 8 (44.4) | 5 (50.0) | 6 (42.9) | 4 (44.4) | 6 (35.3) | 6 (42.9) |
| Oral thrush, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Tender, enlarged lymph node(s) on neck, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Stiff neck, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |