Table 3

Association between clinical outcomes and psychological symptoms

Dependent variable	Depression		Anxiety
Healthcare utilisation*	OR	P value	OR	P value
Emergency department visit in last 6 months
Mild symptoms	1.70	0.37	1.89	0.28
Moderate–severe symptoms	8.87	0.002	13.05	0.003
Hospitalisation in last 12 months
Mild symptoms	0.66	0.48	0.76	0.66
Moderate–severe symptoms	1.01	0.98	0.55	0.49
Pulmonary function tests†	B		B
FVC% predicted (n=68)
Mild symptoms	−1.27	0.84	4.92	0.50
Moderate–severe symptoms	−9.88	0.26	−8.25	0.50
FEV₁ % predicted (n=68)
Mild symptoms	1.15	0.87	3.55	0.65
Moderate–severe symptoms	−3.60	0.70	−4.44	0.73
DLCO % predicted (n=65)
Mild symptoms	−7.74	0.21	7.32	0.35
Moderate–severe symptoms	−18.63	0.04	−12.75	0.35
Quality of life†
SGRQ
Mild symptoms	18.10	<0.001	10.88	0.019
Moderate–severe symptoms	23.81	<0.001	22.78	0.001
KSQ
Mild symptoms	−11.10	<0.001	−7.92	<0.001
Moderate–severe symptoms	−14.94	<0.001	−13.51	<0.001

Covariates for all models: age, race, education, income, organ involvement, medication regimen, Charlson Comorbidity Index and disease duration. Lower scores on SGRQ indicate better HRQoL and higher scores on KSQ indicate better HRQoL.
*Multiple logistic regression.
†Multiple linear regression.
DLCO, diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; HRQoL, heath-related quality of life; KSQ, King’s Sarcoidosis Health Questionnaire; SGRQ, St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire.