Non-smokers (n=1108) | Smokers (n=369) | P value | |
Gender | |||
Female, n (%) | 354 (32%) | 52 (14%) | <0.001* |
Male, n (%) | 754 (68%) | 317 (86%) | |
Age, years, median (IQR) | 51 (45–56) | 48 (43–54) | <0.001† |
Race/ethnic origin | |||
Asian, n (%) | 43 (3.9%) | 7 (1.9%) | <0.001* |
Black, n (%) | 393 (35.5%) | 69 (18.7%) | |
Not stated, n (%) | 16 (1.4%) | 1 (0.3%) | |
Other/mixed, n (%) | 79 (7.1%) | 20 (5.4%) | |
White, n (%) | 562 (50.7%) | 264 (71.5%) | |
White and Asian, n (%) | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (0.3%) | |
White and Black African, n (%) | 9 (0.8%) | 2 (0.5%) | |
White and Black Caribbean, n (%) | 5 (0.5%) | 5 (1.4%) | |
Primary risk factor | |||
Blood transfusion, n (%) | 22 (2%) | 0 | <0.001* |
Heterosexual sex, n (%) | 497 (44.9%) | 94 (25.5%) | |
Needle stick injury, n (%) | 1 (0.1%) | 0 | |
Oral sex, n (%) | 9 (0.8%) | 1 (0.3%) | |
Other, n (%) | 6 (0.5) | 1 (0.3%) | |
Sex between men, n (%) | 538 (48.6%) | 244 (66.1%) | |
Shared syringes/needles, n (%) | 16 (1.4%) | 19 (5.1%) | |
Unknown, n (%) | 12 (1.1%) | 7 (1.9%) | |
Vertical transmission, n (%) | 7 (0.6%) | 3 (0.8%) | |
Patient on ART | |||
No, n (%) | 110 (10%) | 52 (14%) | 0.027* |
Yes, n (%) | 998 (90%) | 317 (86%) | |
CD4 count, cells/µL, median (IQR) | 590 (436–772) | 684 (480–884) | <0.001† |
Undetectable HIV viral load‡ | |||
<40 copies/mL, n (%) | 925 (93%) | 282 (89%) | 0.035* |
>40 copies/mL, n (%) | 73 (7%) | 35 (11%) |
Analysis restricted to 1108 non-smokers and 369 smokers identified in the clinical database.
*2 test.
†Mann-Whitney U test.
‡Only data from individuals using ART.
ART, antiretroviral therapy.