Doxycycline (n=2261) | Reference (n=4039) | P value | |
Gender, no. (%) | |||
Male | 1085 (48.0) | 1999 (49.5) | 0.252 |
Female | 1176 (52.0) | 2040 (50.5) | |
Age, years, no. (%) | |||
Mean age (SD) | 71.08 (9.6) | 70.30 (9.4) | 0.002* |
55–64 | 667 (29.5) | 1285 (31.8) | 0.018† |
65–74 | 733 (32.4) | 1357 (33.6) | |
≥75 | 861 (38.1) | 1397 (34.6) | |
Year of index date (%) | |||
1996–2004 | 893 (39.5) | 1676 (41.5) | 0.121 |
2005–2015 | 1368 (60.5) | 2363 (58.5) | |
Prescriber | |||
GP | 2147 (95.0) | 3424 (84.8) | <0.001 |
Specialist | 114 (5.0) | 615 (15.2) | |
Maintenance medicines, no. (%) | |||
SABA | 775 (34.3) | 1579 (39.1) | <0.001 |
LABA | 494 (21.8) | 847 (21.0) | 0.414 |
SAMA | 689 (30.5) | 1216 (30.1) | 0.761 |
LAMA | 555 (24.5) | 1020 (25.3) | 0.534 |
SABA/SAMA | 80 (3.5) | 173 (4.3) | 0.149 |
LABA/LAMA | 0 (0) | 1 (0) | 0.454 |
LABA/ICS | 1093 (48.3) | 1846 (45.7) | 0.044 |
Theophylline | 124 (5.5) | 159 (3.9) | 0.004 |
Comorbidity, no. (%) | |||
Diabetes mellitus | 301 (13.3) | 504 (12.5) | 0.341 |
Disorders of lipid metabolism | 629 (27.8) | 1093 (27.1) | 0.517 |
Heart failure | 363 (16.1) | 676 (16.7) | 0.484 |
Ischaemic heart disease | 206 (9.1) | 336 (8.3) | 0.282 |
Other cardiovascular disorders | 843 (37.3) | 1493 (37.0) | 0.801 |
Thyroid disease | 115 (5.1) | 192 (4.8) | 0.556 |
Rheumatic arthritis | 355 (15.7) | 660 (16.3) | 0.508 |
Osteoporosis | 117 (5.2) | 232 (5.7) | 0.343 |
Anxiety | 392 (17.3) | 649 (16.1) | 0.193 |
Depression | 274 (12.1) | 438 (10.8) | 0.125 |
Dementias | 9 (0.4) | 10 (0.2) | 0.296 |
*Student’s t-test.
†Pearson χ2 test;.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GP, general practitioner; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; LABA, long-acting β agonist; LABA/ICS, long-acting β agonist/inhaled corticosteroid; LABA/LAMA, long-acting β agonist/long-acting muscarinic antagonist combinations; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; SABA, short-acting β agonist; SABA/SAMA, short-acting β agonist/short-acting muscarinic antagonist combinations; SAMA, short-acting muscarinic antagonist.