Table 4

Predictors of perceived discomfort during and after bronchoscopy, estimated from a quantile regression analysis

Variable	Coef.	CIs		Type*	P value
Variable	Coef.	Lower	Upper	Type*	P value
Sex, male	−1	−1.91	−0.08	Bivariate	0.03
Age/10	−0.60	−1.11	−0.09	Bivariate	0.22
Body mass index	0	−0.10	0.10	Bivariate	1.00
Smoking status
Ex-smoker	0	−2.06	2.06	Bivariate	1.00
Current smoker	0	−2.37	2.37	Bivariate	1.00
FEV₁/FVC	0	−0.03	0.03	Bivariate	1.00
CAT score ≥10	1.5	0.48	2.52	Bivariate	<0.01
PaO₂
PaO₂ 8–9 kPa	0	−1.79	1.79	Bivariate	1.00
PaO₂ <8 kPa	1	−3.42	5.42	Bivariate	0.66
Dread of procedure	0.34	0.16	0.50	Bivariate	<0.01
Alfentanil sedation	0	−1.28	1.28	Bivariate	1.00
BAL performed	0	−1.74	1.74	Bivariate	1.00
Biopsies performed	0	−0.91	0.91	Bivariate	1.00
Less experienced bronchoscopist	1	−0.09	2.09	Bivariate	0.07
Fever sensation	1.5	0.28	2.72	Bivariate	0.02
Complication	0.5	0.83	1.83	Bivariate	0.46
Sex, male	−0.08	−0.88	0.73	Multivariate	0.83
Age/10	−0.36	−0.84	0.11	Multivariate	0.14
CAT score ≥10	0.62	−0.17	1.41	Multivariate	0.12
Fever	0.87	0.09	1.65	Multivariate	0.03
Dread of procedure	0.30	0.16	0.44	Multivariate	<0.01
Smoking status
Ex-smoker	−1.35	−2.34	−0.35	Multivariate	0.01
Current smoker	−2.05	−3.38	−0.67	Multivariate	<0.01

Discomfort was rated on a 0–10 scale, with 0 representing no discomfort and 10 worst imaginable discomfort.
*In the multivariate model, age and sex were included and additional variables were added based on bivariate effect size. Predictors were kept for the final model if p<0.1 by a likelihood-ratio-test.
BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage; CAT, COPD assessment test; Coef, Coefficient; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume after 1 second; FVC, forced vital capacity; PaO₂, partial pressure of oxygen.