Table 3

Univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis for the survival of AE-IIP patients after the onset of acute exacerbation in the control arm

	HR*	95% CI	P value
Stable state
Sex, male/female	0.570	0.225 to 1.442	0.235
Smoking, y/n	0.570	0.235 to 1.442	0.235
Diagnosis, IPF/non-IPF	0.966	0.434 to 2.151	0.932
Honeycomb on HRCT, y/n	1.234	0.548 to 2.779	0.621
mMRC, ≥2/≤1	1.456	0.623 to 3.403	0.386
Disease severity, IV/I-III	1.500	0.641 to 3.508	0.350
LTOT, y/n	1.453	0.645 to 3.274	0.367
Prednisolone, y/n	2.560	1.143 to 5.732	0.022
Immunosuppressant, y/n	2.204	0.821 to 5.920	0.117
Pirfenidone, y/n	1.514	0.450 to 5.085	0.503
Nintedanib, y/n	0.705	0.095 to 5.233	0.733
Antifibrotic drugs, y/n†	1.086	0.323 to 3.647	0.894
At the onset of AE
Age, years	1.014	0.968 to 1.063	0.545
Body weight, kg	1.021	0.987 to 1.056	0.230
HRCT pattern, diffuse vs non-diffuse	1.623	0.728 to 3.621	0.237
PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio	0.997	0.993 to 1.001	0.114
PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio, ≤200 vs >200	2.659	1.099 to 6.433	0.030
WBC, /μL	1.000	1.000 to 1.000	0.138
LDH, U/mL	1.002	0.998 to 1.005	0.276
KL-6, x100 U/mL	1.018	0.976 to 1.061	0.408
CRP, mg/dL	1.024	0.975 to 1.075	0.350
DIC, y/n	0.864	0.203 to 3.677	0.843
FDP/d-dimer, lower/higher‡	4.746	2.072 to 10.870	<0.001
Treatment for AE-IIPs
NPPV or IPPV, y/n	1.841	0.815 to 4.155	0.142
Macrolide, y/n	0.841	0.314 to 2.254	0.731
Immunosuppressant, y/n	1.283	0.549 to 3.001	0.565
PMX-DHP, y/n	2.867	0.850 to 9.672	0.090
Anticoagulants, y/n	1.772	0.756 to 4.157	0.188
Antiplatelet drugs, y/n	0.531	0.181 to 1.558	0.249

*HR >1 indicates worse survival.
†Nintedanib and/or pirfenidone.
‡Higher FDP is 10 mg/L≤FDP and lower FDP is <10 mg/L as described in the methodology.
AE, acute exacerbation; CRP, C-reactive protein; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; FDP, fibrin degradation product; FiO₂, fraction of inspired oxygen; HRCT, high-resolution CT; IIP, idiopathic interstitial pneumonia; IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; IPPV, invasive positive pressure ventilation; KL-6, Krebs von den Lungen-6; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LTOT, long-term oxygen therapy; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council scores; NPPV, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation; PaO₂, partial pressure of oxygen; PMX-DHP, direct haemoperfusion with polymyxin B-immobilisedfibre column; WBC, white blood cell counts; y/n, yes/no.