Dynamic clinical parameters during survived and non-survived admissions with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n=516 admissions)
| Clinical parameters | Missing data, n (%) | Non-survived admissions (n=67) | Survived admissions (n=449) | P value | ||
| Initial vital signs | ||||||
| BT, ºC, median (IQR) | 1 (0.2) | 37.2 | 37 to 38 | 37 | 36.7 to 37.4 | 0.001 |
| HR, per minute, median (IQR) | 0 (0) | 100 | 88 to 120 | 102 | 88 to 118 | 0.615 |
| SBP, mm Hg, mean (±SD) | 1 (0.2) | 117.7 | ±29.0 | 136.4 | ±25.1 | <0.001 |
| DBP, mm Hg, mean (±SD) | 1 (0.2) | 73.7 | ±18.4 | 80.9 | ±14.9 | <0.001 |
| MAP, mm Hg, mean (±SD) | 1 (0.2) | 88.4 | ±20.5 | 99.4 | ±16.7 | <0.001 |
| RR, per minute, mean (±SD) | 0 (0) | 26.2 | ±5.1 | 25.4 | ±5.3 | 0.253 |
| Admission to MICU (n, %) | 0 (0) | 18 | −26.9 | 37 | −8.2 | <0.001 |
| Respiratory failure on admission (n, %) | 0 (0) | 61 | −91 | 294 | −65.5 | <0.001 |
| Radiographic consolidation (n, %) | 0 (0) | 50 | −74.6 | 214 | −47.7 | <0.001 |
| Laboratory investigations | ||||||
| pH, mean (±SD) | 420 (81.4) | 7.31 | ±0.21 | 7.37 | ±0.13 | 0.144 |
| PaO2, mm Hg, median (IQR) | 425 (82.4) | 130 | 75.1 to 262 | 151 | 92.2 to 216 | 0.363 |
| PaCO2, mm Hg, median (IQR) | 420 (81.4) | 37.2 | 26.9 to 43.4 | 37.1 | 26.9 to 47.2 | 0.791 |
| Sodium, mmol/L, mean (±SD) | 11 (2.1) | 136.6 | ±8.0 | 138.6 | ±4.4 | 0.003 |
| Potassium, mmol/L, mean (±SD) | 11 (2.1) | 4.1 | ±0.8 | 4 | ±0.6 | 0.121 |
| Chloride, mmol/L, mean (±SD) | 12 (2.3) | 93.6 | ±8.7 | 97.6 | ±5.6 | <0.001 |
| Bicarbonate, mmol/L, mean (±SD) | 11 (2.1) | 24.9 | ±7.9 | 24.3 | ±5.0 | 0.36 |
| Blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL, median (IQR) | 11 (2.1) | 21 | 15 to 32 | 15 | 11 to 21 | <0.001 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL, median (IQR) | 9 (1.7) | 1.1 | 0.8 to 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.8 to 1.2 | 0.03 |
| Serum albumin, g/dL, mean (±SD) | 193 (37.4) | 3.4 | 2.9 to 3.7 | 3.9 | 3.5 to 4.2 | <0.001 |
| Haemoglobin, g/L, mean (±SD) | 8 (1.6) | 121 | 107 to 132 | 130 | 117 to 140 | 0.004 |
| WBC count, x 109/L, median (IQR) | 8 (1.6) | 15.1 | 10.4 to 19.4 | 12.6 | 9.4 to 16.3 | 0.022 |
| Neutrophil count, x 109/L median (IQR) | 0 (0) | 13.76 | 8.35 to 17.1 | 10. 25 | 6.8 to 14. 45 | 0.014 |
| Eosinophil count, x 109/L, median (IQR) | 0 (0) | 0.01 | 0 to 0.07 | 0.05 | 0 to 0.29 | <0.001 |
| Platelet count, x 109/L, median (IQR) | 8 (1.6) | 232.5 | 158.0 to 328.0 | 244. 0 | 193.0 to 302.0 | 0.569 |
| Peak glucose, mg/dL, median (IQR) | 195 (37.8) | 214 | 160 to 272 | 192 | 151 to 247 | 0.102 |
| Hypoglycaemia (glucose <55 mg/dL) | 213 (41.3) | 15 | −27.3 | 15 | −6.1 | <0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilator duration, days, median (IQR) | 0 (0) | 7 | 3 to 18 | 2 | 0 to 4 | <0.001 |
| Length of hospital stay, days, median (IQR) | 0 (0) | 7 | 2 to 20 | 4 | 2 to 6 | <0.001 |
BT, body temperature; HR, heart rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; RR, respiratory rate; MICU, medical intensive care unit; WBC, white blood cell.