Blood gas reference values
| Units | Range | Units |
| pH | 7.35–7.45 | |
| PCO2 | 4.8–6.0 | kPa |
| PO2 | 10.0–13.5 | kPa |
| SaO2 | 95.0–98.0 | % |
| [HCO3] | 22.0–26.0 | mmol/L |
| Base excess | −2.0–3.0 | mmol/L |
HCO3, bicarbonate; PCO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PO2, partial pressure of oxygen; SaO2, arterial oxygen saturation.