Regression equations used to calculate mean values and LLN for PImax and PEmax
| Reference values | Mean (cmH2O)* | LLN (cmH2O)* |
| Male PImax | 120 − (0.41×age) | 62 − (0.15×age) |
| Male PEmax | 174 − (0.83×age) | 117 − (0.83×age) |
| Female PImax | 108 − (0.61×age) | 62 − (0.50×age) |
| Female PEmax | 131 − (0.86×age) | 95 − (0.57×age) |
For male and female PImax the weighted means of the slopes and intercepts for flange mouthpiece data of Hautmann et al134 and Windisch et al.135 Male PEmax used the weighted means of the slopes and intercepts for flange mouthpiece data from Vincken et al.136 Wilson et al137 and Neder et al.138 Female PEmax used the data from Neder et al.138 (table 8)
*To convert cmH2O to kPa, multiply by 0.0980665.
LLN, lower limit of normal; PEmax, maximal static expiratory pressure; PImax, maximal static inspiratory pressure.