Comparing outcomes between intubation and non-intubation groups
| Outcomes | Intubation | Non-intubation | P value |
| Mortality | 13 (35.1%) | 2 (2.9%) | 0.0018 |
| Hospital LOS (days) | 13.67 (±7.97) | 9.7 (±4.6) | 0.03 |
| ICU LOS (days) | 10.45 (±6.12) | 4.05 (±2.64) | 0.0008 |
| HAP/VAP incidence | 3 (8.57%) | 0 | 0.017 |
| Change in SF ratio | 40.5 (±67.90) | 141.4 (±117.14) | 0.0001 |
| Change in CXR RALES | −0.13 (±11.18) | −3.2 (±8.50) | 0.09 |
| Change in HR (beats/min) | −7.65 (±20.69) | −7.95 (±19.19) | 0.94 |
| Change in RR (breaths/min) | −2.32 (±9.32) | −4.4 (±8.39) | 0.27 |
HAP/VAP incidence was defined as number of patients with positive sputum cultures (expectorated or aspirate) that required treatment. Change in SF ratio=SF ratio at day 7–10–SF ratio at day 0.
CXR, chest X-ray; HAP, hospital-acquired pneumonia; HR, heart rate; ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay; RALES, Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema Score; RR, respiratory rate; SF ratio, saturation to fraction ratio; VAP, ventilator-associated pneumonia.