Within-group and between-group changes in quality of life, cognitive-emotional measures and functional status in the tai chi subgroup from 12 to 24 weeks
| Outcome measure | Phase 2 maintenance (12–24 weeks) | |||
| Weekly tai chi class (n=23) Mean change (SD) | No additional tai chi class (n=25) Mean change (SD) | Between-group effect size (95% CI) | Adjusted between-group difference at week 24 (95% CI)* | |
| Health-related quality of life and symptoms | ||||
| *CRQ dyspnoea | −0.05 (1.28) | −0.24 (1.33) | 0.15 (−0.42 to 0.71) | 0.28 (−0.48 to 1.05) |
| *CRQ emotion | −0.13 (0.85) | −0.17 (1.03) | 0.04 (−0.52 to 0.61) | 0.05 (−0.49 to 0.58) |
| *CRQ fatigue | −0.12 (1.48) | −0.4 (1.17) | 0.21 (−0.36 to 0.78) | 0.22 (−0.56 to 0.99) |
| *CRQ mastery | 0.02 (0.49) | 0.16 (0.9) | −0.19 (−0.76 to 0.38) | −0.13 (−0.55 to 0.30) |
| *CRQ total | −0.08 (0.74) | −0.17 (0.94) | 0.11 (−0.46 to 0.67) | 0.11 (−0.39 to 0.60) |
| UCSD shortness of breath | 0.74 (9.61) | 2.72 (11.94) | −0.19 (−0.76 to 0.38) | −2.18 (−8.61 to 4.25) |
| *PROMIS fatigue | −0.06 (0.75) | 0.24 (0.71) | −0.41 (−0.98 to 0.16) | −0.28 (−0.71 to 0.16) |
| Cognitive-emotional measures | ||||
| *COPD self-efficacy | −0.13 (0.48) | 0.27 (0.68) | −0.69 (−1.28 to to 0.11) | −0.40 (−0.75 to to 0.06) |
| *CES-D score | 1.91 (7.38) | 0.47 (9.69) | 0.17 (−0.40 to 0.73) | 1.22 (−3.64 to 6.08) |
| *MSPSS | −0.19 (1.24) | 0.37 (0.86) | −0.52 (−1.10 to 0.05) | −0.51 (−1.15 to 0.12) |
| Functional status | ||||
| 6 min walk test | 0.3 (104.2) | −50.6 (77.5) | 0.56 (−0.05 to 1.16) | 49.3 (−9.9 to 108.5) |
| Chair stand | 0.18 (1.26) | −0.52 (1.97) | 0.42 (−0.17 to 1.02) | 0.56 (−0.48 to 1.60) |
| Chair sit and reach | −0.32 (3.14) | 0.57 (2.71) | −0.30 (−0.89 to 0.29) | −0.92 (−2.79 to 0.96) |
| Calories-mod intensity exercise† | −105 (2102) | −39 (2309) | −0.03 (−0.60 to 0.54) | −202 (−1509 to 1106) |
| Freq-mod intensity exercise | −0.63 (4.74) | 7.34 (27.99) | −0.38 (−0.95 to 0.20) | −8.62 (−19.72 to 2.48) |
*Adjusted for 12 weeks values, and baseline CESD, BODE (Body Mass Index, Obstruction, Dyspnoea, Exercise) and Charlson Comorbidity Score.
†Kcal/week.
CES-D, Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRQ, Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire; MSPSS, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; PROMIS, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System; UCSD, University of California San Diego.