Comparison of change in outcome measures between study arms
| Singing for lung health (SLH) (n=9) | Usual care (UC) (n=9) | Treatment effect (95% CI) | P value | |
| SF-36 Physical Component Score | −1.66 | −0.389 | −1.27 (−7.13 to +4.60) | 0.67 |
| SF-36 Mental Component Score | −0.367 | −4.30 | +3.93 (−3.85 to +11.72) | 0.15 |
| SF-36 Physical function | −1.11 | 2.77 | −3.89 (−14.02 to +6.24) | 0.79 |
| SF-36 Role limitation, physical | −16.67 | −2.78 | −13.89 (−42.44 to +14.66) | 0.84 |
| SF-36 Role limitation, emotional | −7.41 | −33.33 | +25.92 (−14.51 to +66.35) | 0.10 |
| SF-36 energy | 6.11 | −1.11 | +7.22 (−9.59 to +24.03) | 0.19 |
| SF-36 emotional well-being | 2.22 | −6.22 | +8.44 (−7.62 to +24.51) | 0.14 |
| SF-36 social functioning | −6.95 | −15.28 | +8.33 (−18.85 to +35.52) | 0.26 |
| SF-36 pain | 0.28 | 5.78 | −5.50 (+29.57 to +18.57) | 0.68 |
| SF-36 general health | 0 | 1.67 | −1.67 (−12.98 to +9.65) | 0.62 |
| SF-36 health change over last year | 5.56 | −13.89 | +19.44 (−0.09 to +38.97) | 0.026 |
| Depression (PHQ-9) | −1.44 | +3.33 | −4.78 (−10.53 to +0.98) | <0.05 |
| Anxiety (Median (IQR)) | 0.00 (0.00 to 1.00) | 2.00 (0.00 to 3.00) | 2.00 | 0.24 |
| ABC scale score | 6.03 | −11.18 | +17.21 (−2.07 to +36.49) | 0.04 |
| Dyspnoea 12 | −0.445 | 0.445 | −0.89 (−7.69 to +5.91) | 0.39 |
| MRC dyspnoea score | 0.222 | 0.111 | +0.11 (−0.61 to +0.84) | 0.63 |
| CAT score | −1.44 | 2.22 | −3.67 (−9.42 to +2.08) | 0.10 |
| PROactive Difficulty* | 0.889 | −1.12 | +2.00 (−9.78 to +13.79) | 0.362 |
| PROactive amount† | −20.22 | −6.89 | −13.33 (−30.07 to +3.41) | 0.95 |
| PROactive total‡ | −9.67 | −4.00 | −5.67 (−13.68 to +2.35) | 0.92 |
| Daily step count (median IQR)) | −531 (–823–-65) | −372 (−1123–150) | −159 | 0.76 |
P values are one-tailed independent sample t-tests of mean change preintervention–postintervention, for superiority of SLH over UC, or Wilcoxon rank-sum test if non-parametric test required, with median (IQR) shown.
*Change in the scale of 0 (high level difficulty) to 100 (low level of difficulty);.
†Change in the scale of 0 (low amount) to 100 high amount.
‡Change in the scale of the total score calculated as mean of PROactive difficulty and PROactive amount (0–100). MCID for the PHQ-9 is 5 points39; MCID for ABC score is 14.2 points.40
ABC, Activity specific Balance Confidence; CAT, COPD Assessment Test; MRC, Medical Research Council; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; SF-36, Short Form 36 Health Survey.