Baseline characteristics
| Singing for lung health (SLH) (n=9) | Usual care (n=9) | P value | |
| Age | 72.1 (9.65) | 69.89 (9.36) | 0.63 |
| Female | 3 (33%) | 6 (66%) | 0.18 |
| BMI | 23.30 (7.20) | 25.52 (6.41) | 0.50 |
| FEV1 % predicted | 56.39 (35.57) | 35.01 (17.84) | 0.13 |
| Oxygen therapy | 1 (11%) | 2 (22%) | 0.60 |
| Pack years smoked | 36.23 (19.95) | 41.89 (31.26) | 0.66 |
| Falls in last year | 1 (11%) | 1 (11%) | 1.00 |
| Baseline 6MWD | 418 (136.23) | 366 (82.30) | 0.34 |
| SPPB total | 9.56 (2.19) | 9.11 (2.32) | 0.68 |
| Prestudy expectation of SLH health impact (0 ‘no impact’ to 10 ‘large impact’) | 4.56 (1.33) | 4.56 (2.24) | 1.00 |
| SF-36 Physical Component Score | 39.11 (8.39) | 34.91 (8.26) | 0.30 |
| SF-36 Mental Component Score | 45.76 (4.60) | 41.52 (35.16) | 0.20 |
| SF-36 Physical function | 43.89 (26.43) | 36.67 (27.95) | 0.58 |
| SF-36 Role limitation, physical | 50.00 (41.46) | 25.00 (39.53) | 0.21 |
| SF-36 Role limitation, emotional | 85.19 (24.22) | 62.97 (35.14) | 0.14 |
| SF-36 energy | 40.56 (17.40) | 42.23 (18.05) | 0.84 |
| SF-36 emotional well being | 74.67 (11.66) | 66.23 (14.44) | 0.19 |
| SF-36 social functioning | 79.17 (20.73) | 61.11 (34.60) | 0.20 |
| SF-36 pain | 65.56 (21.71) | 61.39 (29.77) | 0.74 |
| SF36 general health | 32.22 (13.94) | 31.11 (14.95) | 0.87 |
| SF-36 health change | 47.22 (19.54) | 52.78 (23.20) | 0.59 |
| Depression (PHQ-9) | 5.00 median (IQR 3.00–8.00) | 6.00 median (IQR 5.00–14.00) | 0.28 (WRS) |
| Anxiety (GAD-7) | 2.00 median (IQR 1.00–2.00) | 5.00 median (IQR 0.00–11.00) | 0.23 (WRS) |
| ABC scale score | 78.75 median (IQR 50.63–90.63) | 76.25 median (IQR 64.38–91.25) | 0.72 (WRS) |
| Dyspnoea 12 | 11.00 median (IQR 7.00–15.00) | 13.00 median (IQR 8.00–20.00) | 0.27 (WRS) |
| MRC dyspnoea score | 2.89 (0.93) | 3.00 (1.32) | 0.84 |
| CAT score | 18.11 (7.10) | 21.00 (7.57) | 0.42 |
| PROactive difficulty* | 68.56 (13.28) | 63.11 (14.60) | 0.42 |
| PROactive amount† | 53.67 (14.14) | 46.67 (18.21) | 0.38 |
| PROactive total‡ | 61.11 (12.06) | 54.89 (13.86) | 0.32 |
| Daily step count | 2717 median (IQR 1870–4871) | 2566 median (IQR 1213–3119) | 0.40 (WRS) |
Data shown are mean (SD), or if appropriate, median (IQR)/number (%) as indicated. P values are for ttests for between groups differences, or Wilcoxon rank-sum (WRS) as marked, if appropriate.
*Scale of 0 (high level difficulty) to 100 (low level of difficulty).
†Scale of 0 (low amount) to 100 high amount.
‡Total score calculated as mean of PROactive difficulty and PROactive amount (0–100).
ABC, Activity specific Balance Confidence; BMI, body mass index; CAT, COPD Assessment Test; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; GAD-7, Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7; MRC, Medical Research Council; 6MWD, 6 min walk distance; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PROactive, Patient Reported Outcome measure forphysical activity in COPD; SF-36, Short Form 36 Health Survey; SPPB, short physical performance battery; WRS, Wilcoxon rank-sum.