Table 5

Risk of bias assessment of observational studies

Study	Outcome	Preintervention		At intervention	Postintervention
Study	Outcome	Confounding	Participant selection	Intervention classification	Deviation from intended intervention	Missing data	Measurement of outcomes	Reporting results
Sasagawa et al22	Bone density	Critical	Serious	Serious	Low	No information	No information	Low
Sosa et al20	Bone density	Serious	Serious	Low	Low	No information	Moderate	Low
Langhammer et al21	Bone density	Low	Moderate	Low	Low	No information	No information	Low
Israel et al18	Bone density	Low	Moderate	Moderate	Low	Low	Low	Low
McKeever et al23	Pneumonia	Low	Moderate	Moderate	Low	Serious	Moderate	Low
Qian et al24	Pneumonia	Moderate	Serious	Moderate	Low	Low	Low	Low
Ekbom et al25	Pneumonia	Moderate	Moderate	Low	Low	No information	Low	Low
Kim et al26	Pneumonia	Moderate	Low	Serious	Low	No information	Serious	Low
Lee et al27	TB	Low	Low	Serious	Low	No information	Low	Low
Brode et al28	NTM	Low	Low	Low	Low	No information	No information	Low
Smeeth et al29	Cataracts	Moderate	Low	Moderate	Low	Low	Low	Low