Patient characteristics
| COVID-19 negative (n=79) | COVID-19 positive (n=86) | P value | |
| Male, N (%) | 33 (41.8) | 40 (46) | 0.586 |
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 60 (45–67) | 56 (47–61.5) | 0.267 |
| BMI in kg/m2, median (IQR) | 26.1 (23.1–29.3) | 27.8 (24.7–32.9) | 0.005 |
| Metabolic syndrome, N (%) | 26 (41.9) | 33 (38.7) | 0.984 |
| Use of antihypertensives, N (%)* | 25 (36.2) | 22 (25.6) | 0.152 |
| High triglycerides, N (%)* | 37 (48.7) | 29 (34.5) | 0.069 |
| Low HDL-C, N (%)* | 28 (36.8) | 69 (84.1) | <0.001 |
| Hyperglycaemia, N (%)* | 19 (24.4) | 25 (28.7) | 0.526 |
| Abdominal adiposity, N (%)* | 46 (60.5) | 59 (68.6) | 0.283 |
| Waist–hip ratio, median (IQR) | 0.96 (0.87–1.02) | 0.94 (0.88–1.00) | 0.492 |
| History of pulmonary disease, N (%) | 35 (44.3) | 18 (20.7) | 0.001 |
| History of cardiovascular disease, N (%) | 18 (22.8) | 18 (20.7) | 0.744 |
Median (IQR Q1–Q3) used in variables with non-normal distribution. Statistically significant p-values are bold.
*Metabolic syndrome criterion. Cut-off values: high triglycerides (>1.7 mmol/L), low HDL-C (<1 mmol/L in male, <1.3 mmol/L in female), hyperglycaemia ≥7.8 mmol/L and/or drug treatment for elevated blood glucose, abdominal adiposity (male ≥102 cm, female ≥88 cm).
BMI, body mass index; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; N, numbers.