Covariates | Unmatched cohort, n=8553 | Propensity score matched cohort, n=1879 | ||
HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
Long-term mortality, median follow-up 3.9 years | ||||
Age | 1.04 (1.03 to 1.04) | <0.0001 | 1.04 (1.04 to 1.05) | <0.0001 |
Male vs female | 1.14 (1.07 to 1.20) | <0.0001 | 1.12 (1.02 to 1.22) | 0.0135 |
White vs non-white | 0.90 (0.83 to 0.98) | 0.0176 | 0.90 (0.76 to 1.06) | 0.1970 |
Length of stay | 1.02 (1.01 to 1.02) | <0.0001 | 1.03 (1.03 to 1.04) | <0.0001 |
Cancer vs no cancer | 1.98 (1.86 to 2.01) | <0.0001 | 1.80 (1.64 to 1.98) | <0.0001 |
CKD vs no CKD | 1.26 (1.16 to 1.37) | <0.0001 | 1.36 (1.22 to 1.53) | <0.0001 |
COPD vs no COPD | 1.23 (1.16 to 1.30) | <0.0001 | 1.20 (1.10 to 1.32) | <0.0001 |
DM vs no DM | 1.10 (1.03 to 1.18) | 0.0040 | 1.16 (1.05 to 1.27) | 0.0022 |
HLP vs no HLP | 0.75 (0.70 to 0.80) | <0.0001 | 0.88 (0.81 to 0.96) | 0.0030 |
HF vs no HF | 1.30 (1.21 to 1.40) | <0.0001 | 1.29 (1.16 to 1.43) | <0.0001 |
CAD | 1.02 (0.95 to 1.09) | 0.5572 | 1.06 (0.97 to 1.17) | 0.1991 |
HTN | 0.97 (0.91 to 1.02) | 0.3305 | 0.99 (0.90 to 1.09) | 0.8598 |
Stroke vs no stroke | 1.25 (1.04 to 1.52) | 0.0193 | 1.35 (1.06 to 1.72) | 0.0135 |
28-day mortality from date of hospitalisation | ||||
Age | 1.03 (1.03 to 1.04) | <0.0001 | 1.03 (1.02 to 1.04) | <0.0001 |
Male vs female | 1.18 (0.99 to 1.40) | 0.0517 | 0.92 (0.70 to 1.22) | 0.5776 |
White vs non-white | 0.53 (0.44 to 0.66) | <0.0001 | 0.49 (0.32 to 0.74) | 0.0008 |
Length of stay | 1.03 (1.02 to 1.03) | <0.0001 | 1.05 (1.03 to 1.07) | <0.0001 |
Cancer vs no cancer | 2.35 (1.98 to 2.79) | <0.0001 | 2.29 (1.73 to 3.03) | <0.0001 |
CKD vs no CKD | 0.92 (0.70 to 1.20) | 0.5355 | 1.06 (0.74 to 1.52) | 0.7387 |
COPD vs no COPD | 0.88 (0.73 to 1.06) | 0.1871 | 0.89 (0.66 to 1.21) | 0.4574 |
DM vs no DM | 0.92 (0.74 to 1.14) | 0.4602 | 0.78 (0.57 to 1.08) | 0.1336 |
HLP vs no HLP | 0.52 (0.41 to 0.66) | <0.0001 | 0.65 (0.49 to 0.86) | 0.0025 |
HF vs no HF | 1.72 (1.41 to 2.08) | <0.0001 | 1.65 (1.22 to 2.23) | 0.0013 |
CAD | 0.91 (0.73 to 1.13) | 0.3926 | 1.05 (0.78 to 1.42) | 0.7438 |
HTN | 0.74 (0.62 to 0.88) | 0.0009 | 0.73 (0.55 to 0.97) | 0.0289 |
Stroke vs no stroke | 1.96 (1.23 to 3.11) | 0.0043 | 1.10 (0.51 to 2.34) | 0.8086 |
Cox regression model was adjusted for age, sex, race, length of hospital stay and key comorbid conditions including cancer, CKD, CAD, COPD, DM, HF, HTN, stroke and HLP.
A robust variance estimator to account for matching was used to estimate HR in matched cohort.
CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; HF, heart failure; HLP, hyperlipidaemia; HTN, hypertension.