Table 3

Association between corticosteroid use and composite endpoints in univariate and multivariable analyses

Composite endpoints	Univariate regression analysis		Multivariate regression analysis
Composite endpoints	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
Corticosteroid therapy*
Mortality (n=153)	0.85 (0.69 to 1.03)	0.12	0.73 (0.55 to 0.97)	0.03
ICU admission (n=39)	0.88 (0.62 to 1.25)	0.48	0.72 (0.47 to 1.11)	0.14
Invasive mechanical ventilation (n=86)	0.80 (0.46 to 1.39)	0.44	0.73 (0.38 to 1.42)	0.36
Timing of corticosteroids use*
Mortality
≤7 days (n=86)	0.42 (0.39 to 0.44)	0.01	0.67 (0.47 to 0.97)	0.03
≥8 days (n=67)	1.23 (0.96 to 1.57)	0.09	0.86 (0.56 to 1.31)	0.49
ICU admission
≤7 days (n=23)	2.25 (0.86 to 5.87)	0.09	0.67 (0.31 to 0.71)	0.02
≥8 days (n=16)	1.59 (0.61 to 4.16)	0.34	2.59 (0.71 to 9.42)	0.15
Intubation
≤7 days (n=55)	1.06 (0.59 to 1.91)	0.84	1.35 (0.69 to 2.65)	0.75
≥8 days (n=31)	0.75 (0.42 to 1.30)	0.34	0.89 (0.46 to 1.75)	0.38
Impact of inflammatory biomarkers†
CRP ≥150 mg/L	0.85 (0.70 to 1.04)	0.12	0.73 (0.55 to 0.97)	0.03
IL-6 ≥20 pg/mL	0.85 (0.70 to 1.04)	0.12	0.73 (0.55 to 0.97)	0.03
D-dimer ≥2.0 µg/L	0.85 (0.6 to 1.02)	0.11	0.73 (0.55 to 0.97)	0.03

*Multivariate logistic regression analysis—adjusted simultaneously for age, female, BMI, race, disease severity, Charlson Comorbidity Index, asthma, C reactive protein, creatinine, D-dimer, blood culture, adjuvant therapies (hydroxychloroquine+azithromycin+tocilizumab) and anticoagulation.
†Multivariable analysis—adjusted simultaneously for age, female, BMI, race, disease severity, Charlson Comorbidity Index, asthma, creatinine, blood culture, adjuvant therapies (hydroxychloroquine+azithromycin+tocilizumab) and anticoagulation.
BMI, body mass index; CRP, C reactive protein; ICU, intensive care unit; IL-6, interleukin-6.