Table 4

Prognostic significance of serum cytokines for AE-IIPs determined by logistic regression analysis for 90-day mortality

ParametersOR*95% CIP value
Univariate analysis
 IL-ra1.00020.9986 to 1.00150.7622
 IL-20.01805.151×e–5 to 0.58820.0164
 IL-40.01212.495×e–6 to 3.6980.1477
 IL-50.40170.0787 to 1.11960.0873
 IL-61.02820.5270 to 1.84970.9261
 IL-70.13330.0133 to 0.67060.0089
 IL-80.99620.9652 to 1.00980.6278
 IL-90.15350.0070 to 0.88680.0180
 IL-100.92500.3274 to 2.25740.8672
 IL-120.00673.545×e–6 to 0.74400.0326
 IL-137.762×e−54.94×e–10 to 0.18730.0092
 IL-170.43690.0572 to 2.22180.3331
 Eotaxin/CCL110.96260.8830 to 1.03270.3008
 b-FGF0.53780.2200 to 0.98690.0444
 G-CSF0.99680.9590 to 1.02760.8467
 GM-CSF1.128×e−71.91×e−21 to 0.13930.0141
 IFNγ0.75470.2793 to 1.48650.4491
 IP-10/CXCL100.99760.9943 to 0.99970.0166
 MCP-1/CCL20.97730.8973 to 1.02930.4307
 MIP-1α/CCL31.01070.8953 to 1.12260.8424
 PDGF-BB0.97640.9483 to 0.99680.0184
 MIP-1β/CCL40.98590.9564 to 1.00680.2011
 RANTES/CCL50.99790.9950 to 0.99960.0020
 TNF-α0.67960.3111 to 1.02780.0744
Multivariate analysis†
 IL-70.22700.0177 to 1.55480.1384
 RANTES/CCL50.99800.9953 to 0.99980.0263
Adjusted by clinical parameters‡
 RANTES/CCL50.99700.9934 to 0.99930.0018
 HRCT pattern, diffuse/non-diffuse19.21291.9938 to 438.06540.0084

  • *OR >1 means an increase in each continuous parameter (pg/mL) indicating high risk of 90-day mortality.

  • †Multivariate logistic regression analysis with stepwise selection was performed using 10 significant cytokines by univariate analysis with a p value <0.05: IL-2, IL-7, IL-9, IL-12, IL13, b-FGF, GM-CSF, IP-10, PDGF and RANTES.

  • ‡Multivariate logistic regression analysis with stepwise selection was performed using RANTES and HRCT pattern at the time of diagnosis AE and use of antifibrotic drugs before AE.

  • AE, acute exacerbation; b-FGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; CCL, CC chemokine ligand; CXCL, CXC chemokine ligand; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; HRCT, high-resolution CT; IFN, interferon; IIPs, idiopathic interstitial pneumonias; IL, interleukin; IP-10, IFN-γ inducible protein; MCP, monocyte chemotactic protein; MIP, macrophage inflammatory protein; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; RANTES, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.