Increase in serum cytokines in patients with AE-IIPs who were alive at 90 days and those who were not*
| Parameters | Survivors (n=16) | Non-survivors (n=6) | P value |
| ΔIL-ra | −53.0175 (−297.7100 to −4.1050) | −132.3275 (−371.7150 to 32.3925) | 0.8537 |
| ΔIL-2 | 0.0050 (−0.0850 to 0.2150) | 0.2600 (0.0925 to 0.3300) | 0.0356 |
| ΔIL-4 | 0.1050 (0.0625 to 0.1875) | 0.0600 (−0.0300 to 0.1800) | 0.4835 |
| ΔIL-5 | −0.6200 (−1.1050 to 0.0425) | 0.5700 (−0.0550 to 1.0225) | 0.0183 |
| ΔIL-6 | −0.1950 (−0.3725 to 0.0625) | 0.1175 (−0.5975 to 0.6150) | 0.3379 |
| ΔIL-7 | −0.3200 (−0.7425 to 0.0675) | 0.1100 (−0.2525 to 0.7400) | 0.0389 |
| ΔIL-8 | −0.4350 (−2.7925 to 0.9325) | 0.5400 (−0.4375 to 6.9350) | 0.3020 |
| ΔIL-9 | −0.4300 (−0.9275 to −0.0200) | 0.0700 (−0.1800 to 0.5450) | 0.0296 |
| ΔIL-10 | −0.5875 (−0.9575 to −0.2275) | 0.2200 (0.0100 to 1.3975) | 0.0015 |
| ΔIL-12 | −0.0100 (−0.1525 to 0.1400) | 0.1200 (−0.0250 to 0.2125) | 0.2530 |
| ΔIL-13 | 0.1000 (0.0025 to 0.4475) | 0.0950 (−0.0150 to 0.2750) | 0.7399 |
| ΔIL-17 | 0.0450 (−0.1725 to 0.3575) | 0.0200 (−0.3625 to 0.6225) | 0.7963 |
| ΔEotaxin/CCL11 | 17.7050 (13.0075 to 37.4450) | 10.3600 (−4.7950 to 26.0525) | 0.1048 |
| Δb-FGF | 0.3450 (0.1500 to 1.4000) | 1.2900 (0.2025 to 3.0475) | 0.2381 |
| ΔG-CSF | −0.0350 (−12.2625 to 1.4288) | 2.6325 (0.7013 to 3.1888) | 0.0325 |
| ΔGM-CSF | −0.0175 (−0.0800 to 0.0775) | 0.0075 (−0.0150 to 0.0850) | 0.1798 |
| ΔIFNγ | −0.5350 (−1.7175 to −0.2850) | −0.0900 (−0.2525 to 0.2575) | 0.0183 |
| ΔIP-10/CXCL10 | −214.3300 (−570.4550 to 32.1200) | −23.8450 (−393.8175 to 22.3575) | 0.4610 |
| ΔMCP-1/CCL2 | −1.5100 (−9.5725 to −0.3175) | 5.5650 (2.3700 to 27.1600) | 0.0032 |
| ΔMIP-1α/CCL3 | −0.2050 (−0.3600 to −0.0025) | 0.0400 (−0.0700 to 0.3200) | 0.0900 |
| ΔPDGF-BB | −11.0900 (−52.3975 to 12.8250) | −5.800 (−35.8575 to 44.4400) | 0.6583 |
| ΔMIP-1β/CCL4 | −109.4150 (−167.2625 to −58.6475) | −88.8850 (−161.6425 to −58.8800) | 0.7124 |
| ΔRANTES/CCL5 | −837.7300 (−2753.1075 to −447.1125) | −194.8350 (−1785.9525 to 243.8575) | 0.1845 |
| ΔTNF-α | −1.200 (−2.3025 to −0.5375) | −0.4850 (−1.6625 to 0.6525) | 0.1404 |
*Increase in serum cytokines on day 8 (pg/mL) was compared between survivors and non-survivors on day 91 by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
AE, acute exacerbation; b-FGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; CCL, CC chemokine ligand; CXCL, CXC chemokine ligand; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IFN, interferon; IIPs, idiopathic interstitial pneumonias; IL, interleukin; IP-10, IFN-γ inducible protein; MCP, monocyte chemotactic protein; MIP, macrophage inflammatory protein; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; RANTES, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.