Table 5

Univariable and multivariable regression analysis of the determinants of poor adherence (mMPR <80% or mMPR >120%)

Variable	Non-adherent patients/total (%)	Univariable		Multivariable*
Variable	Non-adherent patients/total (%)	OR (95% CI)	P value	aOR (95% CI)	P value
Age (years)		0.99 (0.97 to 1.02)	0.685
Respiratory diagnosis
Asthma	17/31 (55)	Ref.		Ref.
COPD	13/27 (48)	0.76 (0.27 to 2.15)	0.611	0.69 (0.15 to 3.05)	0.620
ACO	4/12 (33)	0.41 (0.10 to 1.66)	0.212	0.13 (0.02 to 0.97)	0.047
Multiple vs single device	13/32 (41) vs 21/38 (55)	0.55 (0.21 to 1.44)	0.224	0.39 (0.12 to 1.28)	0.122
Quality of life		1.03 (0.99 to 1.06)	0.129
High vs low education	27/42 (64) vs 7/28 (25)	5.40 (1.87 to 15.63)	0.002	14.81 (3.21 to 68.43)	0.001
Poor treatment knowledge	18/40 (45) vs 16/30 (53)	0.72 (0.28 to 1.85)	0.491
Adverse drug events vs no	14/30 (47) vs 20/40 (50)	0.88 (0.34 to 2.26)	0.782
Smoking status
Never	11/24 (46)	Ref.		Ref.
Past	14/32 (44)	0.92 (0.32 to 2.66)	0.877	2.25 (0.47 to 10.73)	0.309
Current	9/14 (64)	2.13 (0.55 to 8.26)	0.275	28.92 (2.65 to 315.91)	0.006

Significant estimates (p<0.05) are indicated in bold.
*Nagelkerke R²: 0.394; Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test p-value: 0.866; correctly classified: 72.9%.
ACO, asthma-COPD overlap; aOR, adjusted OR; ; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; mMPR, modified medication possession ratio.