Clinical outcomes stratified by escalation status
| Variable | For escalation to IMV (n=56) | CPAP ceiling of care* (n=32) | Whole cohort (n=88) |
| Fully weaned from CPAP | 42 (75%) | 18 (56%) | 60 (68%) |
| Fully weaned from CPAP by | |||
| Age (years) | |||
| <50 | 8 (80%) | 1 (100%) | 9 (82%) |
| 50–59 | 11 (69%) | 2 (67%) | 13 (68%) |
| 60–69 | 17 (77%) | 8 (89%) | 25 (31%) |
| 70–79 | 6 (75%) | 2 (25%) | 8 (50%) |
| ≥80 | 0 | 5 (45%) | 5 (45%) |
| Discharged home | 42 (75%) | 18 (56%) | 60 (68%) |
| Increased support at discharge | |||
| LTOT | 0 (0%) | 3 (17%) | 3 (5%) |
| New/increased POC | 0 (0%) | 5 (28%) | 5 (6%) |
| Days on CPAP (median, IQR) | 6 (4–7) | 9 (7–11) | 6 (4–8) |
| Length of stay (days; median, IQR) | 13 (9–19) | 24 (18–29) | 15 (10–24) |
| Needed CPAP in ICU but not IMV | 11 (20%) | 0 (0%) | 11 (13%) |
| IMV post CPAP | 14 (25%) | 14 (16%) | |
| Time to IMV (CPAP fail) in hours | Median 156 (42–216), mean 136 (SD 97) | Median 156 (42–216), mean 136 (SD 97) | |
| Recovered after IMV | 5 (36%) | 5 (36%) | |
| 30-day mortality | 9 (16%) | 14 (44%) | 23 (26%) |
*CPAP as ceiling care. The patient was not deemed clinically appropriate for mechanical ventilation.
CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; LTOT, long-term oxygen therapy; POC, package of care.