Association with SF-12 physical score, adjusted* beta (95% CI) | Association with SF-12 mental score, adjusted* beta (95% CI) | |
D-12 | ||
Total score | −0.38 (−0.46 to −0.31) | −0.37(−0.45 to −0.29) |
Physical score | −0.38 (−0.45 to −0.30) | −0.36 (−0.44 to −0.28) |
Affective score | −0.33 (−0.4 to −0.26) | −0.33 (−0.41 to −0.25) |
MDP | ||
A1 unpleasantness score | −0.33 (−0.40 to −0.25) | −0.34 (−0.42 to −0.26) |
Perception score | −0.30 (−0.37 to −0.22) | −0.32 (−0.40 to −0.24) |
Emotional response score | −0.24 (−0.31 to −0.17) | −0.50 (−0.57 to −0.43) |
Descriptors | ||
Muscle work or effort | −0.23 (−0.30 to −0.15) | −0.25 (−0.33 to −0.17) |
Air hunger | −0.23 (−0.30 to −0.16) | −0.25 (−0.33 to −0.16) |
Chest tightness or constriction | −0.21 (−0.28 to −0.14) | −0.27 (−0.35 to −0.19) |
Mental effort or concentration | −0.21 (−0.28 to −0.14) | −0.27 (−0.35 to −0.19) |
Breathing a lot | −0.17 (−0.24 to −0.10) | −0.21 (−0.29 to −0.13) |
Emotional responses | ||
Depression | −0.17 (−0.24 to −0.09) | −0.55 (−0.61 to −0.48) |
Anxiety | −0.21 (−0.28 to −0.14) | −0.51 (−0.59 to −0.44) |
Frustration | −0.24 (−0.31 to −0.17) | −0.44(−0.51 to −0.36) |
Anger | −0.18 (−0.25 to −0.10) | −0.41 (−0.49 to −0.34) |
Fright | −0.21 (−0.28 to −0.14) | −0.46 (−0.54 to −0.39) |
To be able to compare the strengths of the associations between the different scales, all scores were log transformed (to yield more normal distributions) and analysed as z-scores. Associations are by linear regression each breathlessness score separately, adjusted for confounders.
*Adjusted for the confounders smoking history, packet-years, BMI, respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular diseases.
BMI, body mass index; D-12, Dyspnoea-12; MDP, Multidimensional Dyspnoea Profile.