Patient baseline demographics (COVID-19 cohort)
| Characteristic | n=93 |
| Gender, male (%) | 61 (65.6) |
| Age, median years (IQR) | 59 (54–67) |
| Obesity (%) | 30 (32.3) |
| Black and minority ethnic (%) | 4 (4.3) |
| Smoking (%) | 7 (7.5) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Hypertension (without complications) (%) | 36 (38.7) |
| Cardiovascular disease (%) | 11 (11.8) |
| Respiratory disease (%) | 28 (30.1) |
| Endocrine (including diabetes) (%) | 23 (24.7) |
| Liver (%) | 1 (1.1) |
| Gastrointestinal (%) | 12 (12.9) |
| Mental health (%) | 12 (12.9) |
| Presence of multimorbidity (2 or more comorbidities) (%) | 47 (51.1) |
| Hospital length of stay, median, days (IQR) | 22 (12–55.7) |
| Critical care length of stay, median, days (IQR) | 11.1 (5–25.3) |
| Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score, median (IQR) | 15 (10–20) |
| Invasive ventilation (%) | 63 (67.7) |
| Continuous positive airway pressure ventilation (never received invasive ventilation) (%) | 16 (17.2) |
| Continuous positive airway pressure ventilation (also received invasive ventilation) (%) | 11 (11.8) |
| Renal replacement therapy (%) | 18 (19.4) |
| Advanced cardiovascular support (%) | 35 (37.6) |
| Proned (%) | 36 (38.7) |
| Socioeconomic status: (SIMD category) | |
| 1 (most deprived) | 30 (32.3) |
| 2 | 19 (20.4) |
| 3 | 20 (21.5) |
| 4 | 8 (8.6) |
| 5 (least deprived) | 16 (17.2) |
| Employment status before admission | |
| Employed (%) | 67 (72) |
| Unemployed (%) | 6 (6.5) |
| Retired (%) | 17 (18.3) |
| Unknown | 3 (3.2) |
SIMD, Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation.