Table 2

Characteristics of people with asthma who reported having had COVID-19

All with COVID-19 (n=471)Long COVID
(n=261)
Not long COVID
(n=210)
P value
AgeN (%)
 29 and under19 (4.09)12 (4.67)6 (2.99)
 30–3954 (11.64)24 (9.34)28 (13.93)
 40–49112 (24.14)65 (25.29)45 (22.39)
 50–59142 (30.60)78 (30.35)64 (31.84)
 60–69101 (21.77)57 (22.18)43 (21.39)
 70 and above36 (7.76)21 (8.17)15 (7.46)p=0.795
Gender
 Female382 (81.97)212 (82.17)166 (82.18)
 Male84 (18.03)46 (17.83)36 (17.82)p=0.998
Ethnicity
 White444 (94.67)245 (94.59)194 (95.10)
 Ethnic minority25 (5.33)14 (5.41)10 (4.90)p=0.808
Total annual household income
 Below £20 000116 (25.00)63 (24.42)53 (26.50)
 £20 000–£30 00090 (19.40)54 (20.93)36 (18.00)
 £30 001–£40 00053 (11.42)30 (11.63)21 (10.50)
 £40 001–£70 00074 (15.95)41 (15.89)31 (15.50)
 Above £70 00031 (6.68)8 (3.10)21 (10.50)
 Rather not say100 (21.55)62 (24.03)38 (19.00)p=0.156
Nation
 England379 (80.98)209 (80.38)167 (82.67)
 Devolved nations89 (19.02)51 (19.62)35 (17.33)p=0.531
Had a positive coronavirus test?
 Yes84 (18.18)52 (20.08)31 (15.35)
 No (includes negative result, tried and could not access one, and no test)378 (81.82)207 (79.92)171 (84.65)p=0.190
Since the start of lockdown, how have you been managing your asthma?
 Much worse than usual77 (16.42)69 (26.54)8 (3.94)
 A bit worse than usual107 (22.81)60 (23.08)44 (21.67)
 About the same197 (42.00)92 (35.38)104 (51.23)
 A bit better than usual51 (10.87)25 (9.62)24 (11.82)
 Much better than usual37 (7.89)14 (5.38)23 (11.33)p<0.001
During lockdown, how has your reliever inhaler (usually your blue inhaler) use changed?
 I have used it more than usual238 (54.34)162 (67.78)75 (38.66)
 I have used it at about the same rate128 (29.22)55 (23.01)72 (37.11)
 I have used it less than usual60 (13.70)15 (6.28)42 (21.65)
 I do not have a reliever inhaler12 (2.74)7 (2.93)5 (2.58)p<0.001
Since recovering from coronavirus, breathing described as
 Much better than before9 (1.94)1 (0.39)8 (3.98)
 Better than before7 (1.51)2 (0.78)5 (2.49)
 About the same162 (34.84)59 (22.87)101 (50.25)
 Worse than before159 (34.19)97 (37.60)60 (29.85)
 Much worse than before105 (22.58)93 (36.05)10 (4.98)
 It is too early to say23 (4.95)6 (2.33)17 (8.46)p<0.001
Have you had long COVID?
 Yes261 (56.13)261 (100)
 No110 (23.66)110 (53.92)
 Not sure94 (20.22)94 (46.08)
  • Totals of less than 471 are due to non-completion of the question. Not long COVID includes those answering ‘no’ n=110; ‘not sure’ n=94 or blank n=6. P values are for univariate logistic regressions (age, income, managing asthma, inhaler use, breathing), or χ2 (gender, ethnicity, nation, positive coronavirus test, having long COVID) tests to assess for differences between those reporting long COVID and those not reporting long COVID.