Characteristics of people with asthma who reported having had COVID-19
| All with COVID-19 (n=471) | Long COVID (n=261) | Not long COVID (n=210) | P value | |
| Age | N (%) | |||
| 29 and under | 19 (4.09) | 12 (4.67) | 6 (2.99) | |
| 30–39 | 54 (11.64) | 24 (9.34) | 28 (13.93) | |
| 40–49 | 112 (24.14) | 65 (25.29) | 45 (22.39) | |
| 50–59 | 142 (30.60) | 78 (30.35) | 64 (31.84) | |
| 60–69 | 101 (21.77) | 57 (22.18) | 43 (21.39) | |
| 70 and above | 36 (7.76) | 21 (8.17) | 15 (7.46) | p=0.795 |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 382 (81.97) | 212 (82.17) | 166 (82.18) | |
| Male | 84 (18.03) | 46 (17.83) | 36 (17.82) | p=0.998 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| White | 444 (94.67) | 245 (94.59) | 194 (95.10) | |
| Ethnic minority | 25 (5.33) | 14 (5.41) | 10 (4.90) | p=0.808 |
| Total annual household income | ||||
| Below £20 000 | 116 (25.00) | 63 (24.42) | 53 (26.50) | |
| £20 000–£30 000 | 90 (19.40) | 54 (20.93) | 36 (18.00) | |
| £30 001–£40 000 | 53 (11.42) | 30 (11.63) | 21 (10.50) | |
| £40 001–£70 000 | 74 (15.95) | 41 (15.89) | 31 (15.50) | |
| Above £70 000 | 31 (6.68) | 8 (3.10) | 21 (10.50) | |
| Rather not say | 100 (21.55) | 62 (24.03) | 38 (19.00) | p=0.156 |
| Nation | ||||
| England | 379 (80.98) | 209 (80.38) | 167 (82.67) | |
| Devolved nations | 89 (19.02) | 51 (19.62) | 35 (17.33) | p=0.531 |
| Had a positive coronavirus test? | ||||
| Yes | 84 (18.18) | 52 (20.08) | 31 (15.35) | |
| No (includes negative result, tried and could not access one, and no test) | 378 (81.82) | 207 (79.92) | 171 (84.65) | p=0.190 |
| Since the start of lockdown, how have you been managing your asthma? | ||||
| Much worse than usual | 77 (16.42) | 69 (26.54) | 8 (3.94) | |
| A bit worse than usual | 107 (22.81) | 60 (23.08) | 44 (21.67) | |
| About the same | 197 (42.00) | 92 (35.38) | 104 (51.23) | |
| A bit better than usual | 51 (10.87) | 25 (9.62) | 24 (11.82) | |
| Much better than usual | 37 (7.89) | 14 (5.38) | 23 (11.33) | p<0.001 |
| During lockdown, how has your reliever inhaler (usually your blue inhaler) use changed? | ||||
| I have used it more than usual | 238 (54.34) | 162 (67.78) | 75 (38.66) | |
| I have used it at about the same rate | 128 (29.22) | 55 (23.01) | 72 (37.11) | |
| I have used it less than usual | 60 (13.70) | 15 (6.28) | 42 (21.65) | |
| I do not have a reliever inhaler | 12 (2.74) | 7 (2.93) | 5 (2.58) | p<0.001 |
| Since recovering from coronavirus, breathing described as | ||||
| Much better than before | 9 (1.94) | 1 (0.39) | 8 (3.98) | |
| Better than before | 7 (1.51) | 2 (0.78) | 5 (2.49) | |
| About the same | 162 (34.84) | 59 (22.87) | 101 (50.25) | |
| Worse than before | 159 (34.19) | 97 (37.60) | 60 (29.85) | |
| Much worse than before | 105 (22.58) | 93 (36.05) | 10 (4.98) | |
| It is too early to say | 23 (4.95) | 6 (2.33) | 17 (8.46) | p<0.001 |
| Have you had long COVID? | ||||
| Yes | 261 (56.13) | 261 (100) | ||
| No | 110 (23.66) | – | 110 (53.92) | |
| Not sure | 94 (20.22) | – | 94 (46.08) | |
Totals of less than 471 are due to non-completion of the question. Not long COVID includes those answering ‘no’ n=110; ‘not sure’ n=94 or blank n=6. P values are for univariate logistic regressions (age, income, managing asthma, inhaler use, breathing), or χ2 (gender, ethnicity, nation, positive coronavirus test, having long COVID) tests to assess for differences between those reporting long COVID and those not reporting long COVID.