Adjusted β (95% CI) | Non-obstructive | Undiagnosed COPD | Over-diagnosed COPD | Diagnosed COPD |
Healthcare utilisation | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.7) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.5) | 1.6 (0.7 to 4.0) | 0.8 (0.2 to 2.6) |
TUG, s | 0.8 (0.7 to 1.0) | 0.1 (–0.1 to 0.2) | 0.4 (0.2 to 0.6) | 0.7 (0.4 to 0.9) |
HGS, kg | −3.0 (–3.4 to –2.5) | −0.7 (–1.2 to –0.2) | −0.6 (–1.2 to –0.1) | −0.9 (–2.0 to 0.1) |
4 metres walk, s | 0.32 (0.26 to 0.38) | 0.01 (0.006 to 0.07) | 0.17 (0.10 to 0.24) | 0.26 (0.13 to 0.39) |
Adjusted β (95% CI) represents coefficient of change/difference relative to normal category adjusted for age, sex, education, smoke, body mass index, inhaler use, TIA, CVA, CAD, MI, CHF, and diabetes. Comorbidity index was calculated as the sum of self-reported comorbidities. Healthcare utilisation was calculated as the sum of 10 types of healthcare used in the past 6 months, including visits to family physician, medical specialty, psychologist, dentist, ophthalmologist or optometrist, social worker physiotherapist, emergency department, hospital overnight and nursing home.
CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVA, stroke; HGS, handgrip strength; MI, myocardial infarction; TIA, transient ischemic attack; TUG, Timed-Up-and-Go.