Characteristics of children with severe pneumonia and community controls in the digital auscultation substudy
| Characteristic | No. (%) with available information | ||
| Cases | Controls | ||
| All substudy cases | Concurrent auscultation | ||
| Total | 737 | 383 | 284 |
| Age | |||
| 1–5 months | 315 (42.7) | 153 (40.0) | 69 (24.3) |
| 6–11 months | 172 (23.3) | 102 (26.6) | 67 (23.6) |
| 12–23 months | 148 (20.1) | 78 (20.4) | 76 (26.8) |
| 24–56 months | 102 (13.8) | 50 (13.1) | 72 (25.4) |
| Female sex | 315 (42.7) | 153 (40.0) | 133 (46.8) |
| Site | |||
| Zambia | 234 (31.8) | 154 (40.2) | 36 (12.7) |
| Bangladesh | 145 (19.7) | 121 (31.6) | 23 (8.1) |
| Kenya | 123 (16.7) | 14 (3.7) | 3 (1.1) |
| South Africa | 92 (12.5) | 1 (0.3) | 9 (3.2) |
| The Gambia | 79 (10.7) | 71 (18.5) | 46 (16.2) |
| Thailand | 64 (8.7) | 22 (5.7) | 167 (58.8) |
| HIV-positive | 58 (7.9) | 26 (6.8) | 2 (0.7) |
| Malnourished (weight-for-age) | 165/694 (23.8) | 80/363 (22.0) | 18 (6.3) |
| Clinical | |||
| Very severe pneumonia (WHO definition) | 244 (33.1) | 93 (24.3) | – |
| Microbiologically confirmed pneumonia | 22/705 (3.1) | 11/361 (3.1) | – |
| Confirmed pneumococcal pneumonia | 6/705 (0.9) | 4/361 (1.1) | – |
| Likely pneumococcal pneumonia | 53/619 (8.6) | – | |
| Hypoxaemia at admission | 245/736 (33.3) | 83/382 (21.7) | – |
| Supplemental oxygen (ever)* | 238/644 (37.0) | 116/382 (30.4) | – |
| Tachypnoea | 589/726 (81.1) | 314/379 (82.9) | – |
| Malaria parasitaemia | 16/722 (2.2) | 4/371 (1.1) | – |
| Anaemia | 20 (2.7) | 8 (2.1) | – |
| Chest X-ray conclusion | – | ||
| Radiographic pneumonia | 167 (22.7) | 71 (18.5) | – |
| Other infiltrate only | 138 (18.7) | 65 (17.0) | – |
| Normal | 322 (43.7) | 195 (50.9) | – |
| Uninterpretable | 65 (8.8) | 32 (8.4) | – |
| Missing | 45 (6.1) | 20 (5.2) | |
| Died in hospital or within 30 days of admission | 68 (9.2) | 32 (8.4) | – |
| Died in hospital | 56 (7.6) | 26 (6.8) | – |
| Died post discharge, within 30 days of admission | 12 (1.9) | 6 (1.6) | – |
| Missing 30-day vital status | 104 (14.1) | 66 (17.2) | – |
*Excludes South Africa due to near uniformity of receiving oxygen at South Africa.