Total | Frailty phenotype | Frailty index | ||||||
Robust | Pre-frail | Frail | Robust | Mild frailty | Moderate frailty | Severe frailty | ||
Total N | 3131 | 979 | 1518 | 514 | 467 | 1671 | 872 | 121 |
Age | ||||||||
Mean (SD) | 61.9 (5.9) | 61.7 (5.9) | 62.2 (5.8) | 61.5 (5.9) | 61.4 (6.3) | 62.1 (5.9) | 61.8 (5.7) | 60.8 (5.6) |
Sex | ||||||||
Female (%) | 1413 (45.1%) | 409 (41.8%) | 717 (47.2%) | 235 (45.7%) | 185 (39.6%) | 749 (44.8%) | 421 (48.3%) | 58 (47.9%) |
Male (%) | 1718 (54.9%) | 570 (58.2%) | 801 (52.8%) | 279 (54.3%) | 282 (60.4%) | 922 (55.2%) | 451 (51.7%) | 63 (52.1%) |
Socioeconomic status | ||||||||
Quintile 1 (most affluent) | 367 (11.7%) | 174 (17.8%) | 158 (10.4%) | 25 (4.9%) | 79 (16.9%) | 218 (13%) | 65 (7.5%) | 5 (4.1%) |
Quintile 2 | 399 (12.7%) | 170 (17.4%) | 180 (11.9%) | 42 (8.2%) | 67 (14.3%) | 236 (14.1%) | 89 (10.2%) | 7 (5.8%) |
Quintile 3 | 520 (16.6%) | 202 (20.6%) | 240 (15.8%) | 60 (11.7%) | 97 (20.8%) | 285 (17.1%) | 121 (13.9%) | 17 (14%) |
Quintile 4 | 670 (21.4%) | 191 (19.5%) | 344 (22.7%) | 104 (20.2%) | 101 (21.6%) | 355 (21.2%) | 197 (22.6%) | 17 (14%) |
Quintile 5 (most deprived) | 1170 (37.4%) | 241 (24.6%) | 593 (39.1%) | 282 (54.9%) | 121 (25.9%) | 575 (34.4%) | 399 (45.8%) | 75 (62%) |
Missing | 5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
Ethnicity | ||||||||
White | 3041 (97.1%) | 960 (98.1%) | 1478 (97.4%) | 499 (97.1%) | 446 (95.5%) | 1628 (97.4%) | 849 (97.4%) | 118 (97.5%) |
Other | 66 (2.9%) | 14 (1.9%) | 31 (2.6%) | 13 (2.9%) | 6 (4.5%) | 36 (2.6%) | 22 (2.6%) | 3 (2.5%) |
Missing | 24 | 5 | 9 | 2 | 15 | 7 | 2 | 0 |
BMI | ||||||||
<18.5 | 52 (1.7%) | 15 (1.5%) | 18 (1.2%) | 17 (3.3%) | 7 (1.5%) | 30 (1.8%) | 14 (1.6%) | 1 (0.8%) |
18.5–24.9 | 853 (27.2%) | 307 (31.4%) | 410 (27%) | 114 (22.2%) | 171 (36.6%) | 482 (28.8%) | 183 (21%) | 17 (14%) |
25–29.9 | 1169 (37.3%) | 439 (44.8%) | 558 (36.8%) | 141 (27.4%) | 194 (41.5%) | 666 (39.9%) | 277 (31.8%) | 32 (26.4%) |
≥30 | 996 (31.8%) | 218 (22.3%) | 515 (33.9%) | 229 (44.6%) | 87 (18.6%) | 472 (28.2%) | 370 (42.4%) | 67 (55.4%) |
Missing | 61 | 0 | 17 | 13 | 8 | 21 | 28 | 4 |
Smoking | ||||||||
Never | 494 (15.8%) | 192 (19.6%) | 238 (15.7%) | 47 (9.1%) | 96 (20.6%) | 289 (17.3%) | 93 (10.7%) | 16 (13.2%) |
Previous | 1628 (52%) | 541 (55.3%) | 790 (52%) | 249 (48.4%) | 223 (47.8%) | 887 (53.1%) | 461 (52.9%) | 57 (47.1%) |
Current | 972 (31%) | 238 (24.3%) | 477 (31.4%) | 211 (41.1%) | 134 (28.7%) | 482 (28.8%) | 309 (35.4%) | 47 (38.8%) |
37 | 8 | 13 | 7 | 14 | 13 | 9 | 1 | |
Alcohol frequency | ||||||||
Never/special occasions only | 914 (29.2%) | 194 (19.8%) | 436 (28.7%) | 237 (46.1%) | 86 (18.4%) | 427 (25.6%) | 347 (39.8%) | 54 (44.6%) |
One to four times a week | 1229 (39.2%) | 434 (44.3%) | 609 (40.1%) | 151 (29.4%) | 205 (43.9%) | 694 (41.5%) | 290 (33.3%) | 40 (33.1%) |
One to three times a month | 327 (10.4%) | 108 (11%) | 156 (10.3%) | 53 (10.3%) | 48 (10.3%) | 178 (10.7%) | 85 (9.7%) | 16 (13.2%) |
Daily or almost daily | 643 (20.5%) | 243 (24.8%) | 310 (20.4%) | 72 (14%) | 118 (25.3%) | 367 (22%) | 147 (16.9%) | 11 (9.1%) |
Missing | 18 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 10 | 5 | 3 | 0 |
FEV1 (% predicted) | ||||||||
>70% | 1173 (37.5%) | 449 (45.9%) | 545 (35.9%) | 147 (28.6%) | 215 (46%) | 607 (36.3%) | 309 (35.4%) | 42 (34.7%) |
50%–70% | 1020 (32.6%) | 321 (32.8%) | 500 (32.9%) | 172 (33.5%) | 141 (30.2%) | 561 (33.6%) | 277 (31.8%) | 41 (33.9%) |
30%–50% | 518 (16.5%) | 136 (13.9%) | 264 (17.4%) | 100 (19.5%) | 68 (14.6%) | 300 (18%) | 141 (16.2%) | 9 (7.4%) |
<30% | 109 (3.5%) | 11 (1.1%) | 65 (4.3%) | 26 (5.1%) | 15 (3.2%) | 60 (3.6%) | 30 (3.4%) | 4 (3.3%) |
Missing | 311 | 62 | 144 | 69 | 28 | 143 | 115 | 25 |
Medication | ||||||||
Inhaled corticosteroid | 1888 (60.3%) | 547 (55.9%) | 941 (62.0%) | 334 (65.0%) | 233 (49.9%) | 1027 (61.5%) | 556 (63.8%) | 72 (59.5%) |
LABA | 2315 (73.9%) | 668 (68.2%) | 1158 (76.3%) | 403 (78.4%) | 289 (61.9%) | 1241 (74.3%) | 686 (78.7%) | 99 (81.8%) |
LAMA | 1896 (60.6%) | 481 (49.1%) | 968 (63.8%) | 375 (73.0%) | 213 (45.6%) | 1006 (60.2%) | 582 (66.7%) | 95 (78.5%) |
*Based on prescription within the 6 months prior to baseline.
BMI, body mass index; LABA, long-acting beta-agonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist.